No evidence for thermogenic methane release in coal from the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province

Gröcke, Darren R.; Rimmer, Susan M.; Yoksoulian, Lois E.; Cairncross, Bruce; Tsikos, Harilaos; Hunen, Jeroen van

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.022

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In contrast, increasing d 13 C values were found by Baker and Claypool (1970), Simoneit et al (1978, Conkright and Sackett (1992), and Yoksoulian et al (2007). Ambiguous d 13 C responses to magmatic heating were observed by Redding et al (1980), Simoneit and Mazurek (1981), Jenden et al (1982), Simoneit (1995, 1999), Cooper et al (2007), andGrö cke et al (2009). The present study's larger and more informative data matrix supports the hypothesis that the earlier observations of inconsistent d 13 C trends were in part due to insufficient sampling density.…”

Section: Published Isotopic Shifts In Som Due To Magmatic Heating: Emsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…3b; further discussed in Section 5.4), and that the same d 13 C phenomena were observed in coal by Meyers and Simoneit (1999) adjacent to a sill, and by Grö cke et al (2009) adjacent to dikes. We cannot be sure that the measured d 13 C value of the least mature kerogen near the large dike is similar to the average d 13 C value of kerogen even further away from the dike.…”

Section: C Shifts In Thermally Maturing Kerogensupporting

confidence: 58%

“…We hypothesize that the 'sinusoidal' isotope trends (Fig 4e and f; also observed for d 13 C by Simoneit, 1999, andby Grö cke et al, 2009) and the strongly negative correlation of d 13 C and d 15 N in kerogens over the short distance of 5.5 m from the large dike's contact are mainly caused by pyrolysis, transport and reaction processes that (i) liberate organic pyrolyzate and active inorganic species in the hottest zone, (ii) transport volatiles along pressure and temperature gradients away from the 'kitchen' into moderately hot coal, and (iii) cause back-reactions between chemically active volatiles, kerogens and other organic moieties in coal that is hot enough to chemically bond with extraneous carbon and nitrogen. In effect, the porous and permeable coal seam acts like an overheated chromatographic column with a highly reactive phase.…”

Section: Limited Influence Of Maceral Composition On D 13 C and D 15 Nmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating

Schimmelmann

Mastalerz

Gao

et al. 2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Published Isotopic Shifts In Som Due To Magmatic Heating: Emsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: C Shifts In Thermally Maturing Kerogensupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Limited Influence Of Maceral Composition On D 13 C and D 15 Nmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating

Schimmelmann

Mastalerz

Gao

et al. 2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…An alternative hypothesis recently put forward for the cause of the T-OAE is that 12 C-enriched thermogenic methane was released into the ocean-atmosphere system due to an igneous intrusion into coaly organic matter-rich facies in the Karoo Basin, South Africa (McElwain et al, 2005;Svensen et al, 2007). This mechanism has been questioned by Gröcke et al (2009), who showed that both the physical nature of the contacts between intrusions and organic matter-rich facies, and the geochemical pattern within these facies suggest little or no thermogenic methane generation in the Karoo Basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open ocean record of the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Oceanic anoxic events were time intervals in the Mesozoic characterized by widespread distribution of marine organic matter-rich sediments (black shales) and significant perturbations in the global carbon cycle. These perturbations are globally recorded in sediments as carbon isotope excursions irrespective of lithology and depositional environment. During the early Toarcian, black shales were deposited on the epi-and pericontinental shelves of Pangaea, and these sedimentary rocks are associated with a pronounced (ca. 7 ‰) negative (organic) carbon isotope excursion (CIE) which is thought to be the result of a major perturbation in the global carbon cycle. For this reason, the lower Toarcian is thought to represent an oceanic anoxic event (the T-OAE). If the T-OAE was indeed a global event, an isotopic expression of this event should be found beyond the epi-and pericontinental Pangaean localities. To address this issue, the carbon isotope composition of organic matter (δ 13 C org ) of lower Toarcian organic matter-rich cherts from Japan, deposited in the open Panthalassa Ocean, was analysed. The results show the presence of a major (>6 ‰) negative excursion in δ 13 C org that, based on radiolarian biostratigraphy, is a correlative of the lower Toarcian negative CIE known from Pangaean epiand pericontinental strata. A smaller negative excursion in δ 13 C org (ca. 2 ‰) is recognized lower in the studied succession. This excursion may, within the current biostratigraphic resolution, represent the excursion recorded in European epicontinental successions close to the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary. These results from the open ocean realm suggest, in conjunction with other previously published datasets, that these Early Jurassic carbon cycle perturbations affected the active global reservoirs of the exchangeable carbon cycle (deep marine, shallow marine, atmospheric).

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“…For example, shale metamorphism in the Karoo has been estimated to have emitted ~27,400 Gt CO 2 through breccia pipes (Svensen et al, 2007). The presence of coal deposits in the Karoo Basin (Cadle et al, 1993) also offers the intriguing possibility of interactions with the intrusive activity in this setting, as well as the Siberian Traps, although further investigation is needed to determine the potential size of this effect (Gröcke et al, 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement characteristics, time scales, and volcanic gas release rates of continental flood basalt eruptions on Earth

Self¹,

Schmidt²,

Mather³

2014

Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects

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Continental fl ood basalt provinces are the subaerial expression of large igneous province volcanism. The emplacement of a continental fl ood basalt is an exceptional volcanic event in the geological history of our planet with the potential to directly impact Earth's atmosphere and environment. Large igneous province volcanism appears to have occurred episodically every 10-30 m.y. through most of Earth history. Most continental fl ood basalt provinces appear to have formed within 1-3 m.y., and within this period, one or more pulses of great magma production and lava eruption took place. These pulses may have lasted from 1 m.y. to as little as a few hundred thousand years. Within these pulses, tens to hundreds of volumetrically large eruptions took place, each producing 10 3 -10 4 km 3 of predominantly pāhoehoe lava and releasing unprecedented amounts of volcanic gases and ash into the atmosphere. The majority of magmatic gas species released had the potential to alter climate and/or atmospheric composition, in particular during violent explosive phases at the eruptive vents when volcanic gases were lofted into the stratosphere. Aside from the direct release of magmatic gases, magma-sediment interactions featured in some continental fl ood basalt provinces could have released additional carbon, sulfur, and halogen-bearing species into the atmosphere. Despite their potential importance, given the different nature of the country rock associated with each continental fl ood basalt province, it is diffi cult to make generalizations about these emissions from one province to another. The coincidence of continental fl ood basalt volcanism with periods of major biotic change is well substantiated, but the actual mechanisms by which *steve

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No evidence for thermogenic methane release in coal from the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province

Cited by 71 publications

References 47 publications

Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating

Dike intrusions into bituminous coal, Illinois Basin: H, C, N, O isotopic responses to rapid and brief heating

An open ocean record of the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

Emplacement characteristics, time scales, and volcanic gas release rates of continental flood basalt eruptions on Earth

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