No Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Farmed Deer in Germany

Trojnar, E.; Kästner, Bernd; Johne, Reimar

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09407-y

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In animals, zoonotic HEV is usually subclinical (Yugo and Meng 2013 ). Studies of HEV in cervids have mostly focused on European roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), and sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) but fallow deer ( Dama dama ), white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), and European moose ( Alces alces ) have also been studied (Yu et al 2007 ; Zhang et al 2008 ; Reuter et al 2009 ; Boadella et al 2010 ; Forgách et al 2010 ; Rutjes et al 2010 ; Dong et al 2011 ; Medrano et al 2012 ; Lin et al 2014 , 2015 ; Larska et al 2015 ; Lhomme et al 2015 ; Serracca et al 2015 ; Kubankova et al 2015 ; Zhang et al 2015 ; Kukielka et al 2016 ; Neumann et al 2016 ; Roth et al 2016 ; Anheyer-Behmenburg et al 2017 ; Di Bartolo et al 2017 ; Thiry et al 2017 ; Weger et al 2017 ; Spancerniene et al 2018 ; Trojnar et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only HEV-3 has been found in deer in Europe (Reuter et al 2009 ; Boadella et al 2010 ; Forgách et al 2010 ; Serracca et al 2015 ; Kubankova et al 2015 ; Kukielka et al 2016 ; Anheyer-Behmenburg et al 2017 ; Di Bartolo et al 2017 ; Thiry et al 2017 ; Spancerniene et al 2018 ). HEV seroprevalences have ranged 0.0–13.9% in Europe, and related HEV RNA prevalences have ranged 0.0–34.4% (Reuter et al 2009 ; Boadella et al 2010 ; Forgách et al 2010 ; Rutjes et al 2010 ; Larska et al 2015 ; Lhomme et al 2015 ; Serracca et al 2015 ; Kubankova et al 2015 ; Kukielka et al 2016 ; Neumann et al 2016 ; Roth et al 2016 ; Anheyer-Behmenburg et al 2017 ; Di Bartolo et al 2017 ; Thiry et al 2017 ; Spancerniene et al 2018 ; Trojnar et al 2020 ). HEV RNA prevalences over 10% have been reported in Hungary (Reuter et al 2009 ; Forgárch et al 2010 ), Lithuania (Spancerniene et al 2018 ), Italy (Di Bartolo et al 2017 ), and Spain (Boadella et al 2010 ; Kukielka et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland

et al. 2020

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The main animal reservoirs of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) are domestic pigs and wild boars, but HEV also infects cervids. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of HEV in Finnish cervid species that are commonly hunted for human consumption. We investigated sera from 342 European moose (Alces alces), 70 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 12 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). The samples had been collected from legally hunted animals from different districts of Finland during 2008–2009. We analysed the samples for total anti-HEV antibodies using a double-sandwich ELISA assay. Seropositive sera were analysed with RT-qPCR for HEV RNA. HEV seroprevalence was 9.1% (31/342) in moose and 1.4% (1/70) in white-tailed deer. None of the European roe deer were HEV seropositive (0/12). No HEV RNA was detected from samples of seropositive animals. HEV seropositive moose were detected in all districts. Statistically, HEV seroprevalence in moose was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the North-East area compared to the South-West area. The highest HEV seroprevalence (20.0%) in district level was more than six times higher than the lowest (3.1%). We demonstrated the presence of total anti-HEV antibodies in European moose and white-tailed deer in Finland. Our results suggest that HEV is circulating among the moose population. Infections may occur also in white-tailed deer. We were the first to report a HEV seropositive white-tailed deer from Europe. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the HEV genotypes in cervids in Finland and to evaluate the importance of the findings in relation to food safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland

et al. 2020

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“…Several methods for detecting HEV-RNA in pig liver, meat and pork products have been published [ 9 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. We selected a previously published method [ 31 ], which is easy to perform and quick, and based on widely available commercial reagents and devices. During the ring trial, the results of only one laboratory indicated problems with the handling of the method, whereas the remaining ten laboratories obtained exclusively valid results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pig livers were obtained from food business operators in Germany and pre-tested by real-time RT-PCR for the presence of HEV-RNA as described [ 31 ]. Positive samples were further subjected to reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) in order to quantify the amount of HEV RNA in the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interlaboratory Validation of a Detection Method for Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Pig Liver

Trojnar

Contzen

Moor³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Background: In the last years, the number of notified hepatitis E cases in humans has continuously increased in Europe. Foodborne infection with the zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is considered the major cause of this disease. Undercooked liver and raw sausages containing the liver of pigs and wild boar are at high risk of containing HEV. However, so far, no standardized method for the detection of HEV-RNA in pig liver is available. Methods: An international collaborative study on method reproducibility involving 11 laboratories was performed for an HEV-RNA detection method, which consists of steps of sample homogenization, RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR detection, including a process control. Naturally contaminated pork liver samples containing two different amounts of HEV and a HEV-negative pork liver sample were tested by all laboratories using the method. Results: Valid results were retrieved from 10 laboratories. A specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 79% were calculated for the method. False negative results were only retrieved from the sample containing very low HEV amounts near the detection limit. Conclusions: The results show that the method is highly specific, sufficiently sensitive and robust for use in different laboratories. The method can, therefore, be applied to routine food control as well as in monitoring studies.

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Co-circulation of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Genotype 3 and Moose-HEV-Like Strains in Free-Ranging-Spotted Deer (Axis axis) in Uruguay

Cancela,

Cravino,

Icasuriaga

et al. 2023

Food Environ Virol

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No Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Farmed Deer in Germany

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland

Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland

Interlaboratory Validation of a Detection Method for Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Pig Liver

Co-circulation of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Genotype 3 and Moose-HEV-Like Strains in Free-Ranging-Spotted Deer (Axis axis) in Uruguay

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