No improvement in vitamin D status in German infants and adolescents between 2009 and 2014 despite public recommendations to increase vitamin D intake in 2012

Kunz, Clemens; Hower, Jürgen; Knoll, Anette; Ritzenthaler, Kristin L.; Lamberti, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1717-y

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, a single study in Malawian pre-school children reported an increase in 25(OH)D levels with age; however, this study was small (n=21) and included infants of mothers living with HIV in Malawi [6]. Studies from high-income countries have reported an increase in 25(OH)D levels with age, but children in these studies received vitamin D supplementation or fortification [34,35,40]. In a meta-analysis of previous studies from Africa, children had higher vitamin D status than adults in African populations [2] possibly due to increased time spent outdoors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children

Mogire

Morovat

Muriuki

et al. 2021

BMC Med

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Background Children living in sub-Saharan Africa have a high burden of rickets and infectious diseases, conditions that are linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, data on the vitamin D status of young African children and its environmental and genetic predictors are limited. We aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children. Methods We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and typed the single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs4588 and rs7041, in the GC gene encoding the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in 4509 children aged 0–8 years living in Kenya, Uganda, Burkina Faso, The Gambia and South Africa. We evaluated associations between vitamin D status and country, age, sex, season, anthropometric indices, inflammation, malaria and DBP haplotypes in regression analyses. Results Median age was 23.9 months (interquartile range [IQR] 12.3, 35.9). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency using 25(OH)D cut-offs of < 30 nmol/L and < 50 nmol/L was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4, 0.9) and 7.8% (95% CI 7.0, 8.5), respectively. Overall median 25(OH)D level was 77.6 nmol/L (IQR 63.6, 94.2). 25(OH)D levels were lower in South Africa, in older children, during winter or the long rains, and in those with afebrile malaria, and higher in children with inflammation. 25(OH)D levels did not vary by stunting, wasting or underweight in adjusted regression models. The distribution of Gc variants was Gc1f 83.3%, Gc1s 8.5% and Gc2 8.2% overall and varied by country. Individuals carrying the Gc2 variant had lower median 25(OH)D levels (72.4 nmol/L (IQR 59.4, 86.5) than those carrying the Gc1f (77.3 nmol/L (IQR 63.5, 92.8)) or Gc1s (78.9 nmol/L (IQR 63.8, 95.5)) variants. Conclusions Approximately 0.6% and 7.8% of young African children were vitamin D deficient as defined by 25(OH)D levels < 30 nmol/L and < 50 nmol/L, respectively. Latitude, age, season, and prevalence of inflammation and malaria should be considered in strategies to assess and manage vitamin D deficiency in young children living in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children

Mogire

Morovat

Muriuki

et al. 2021

BMC Med

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“…Xhu et al revealed that VDD is most severe in late spring and least severe during the summer in preterm births in Northeast China [39]. Low storage of vitamin D in the liver and fat tissue are reasons for low 25(OH)D 3 levels by seasonal change [40]. In this study, we discovered that infants born during the summer and autumn had better vitamin D nutritional status from being born during the sunniest times of the summer and autumn in Northern Taiwan; however, Northern Taiwan is rainy and cloudy in the spring and winter, which reduces exposure to sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants’ Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the First Year of Life in Northern Taiwan

Chen

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) are common among exclusively breastfeeding infants. However, epidemiological evidence for the prevalence of VDD in infants during their first year of life in Taiwan has never been found. This trial determined the prevalence of VDD and VDI and the association between dietary vitamin D and vitamin D nutritional status in Northern Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on infants who returned to well-baby examinations from October 2012 to January 2014 in three hospitals: Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei Medical University Hospital, and Shuang Ho Hospital. The specific vitamin D cut-off concentrations for VDD, VDI, and VDS are 25(OH)D3 levels ≤20, 21–29, and ≥30 (ng/mL). Overall, 481 infants’ parents completed a questionnaire comprising questions related to vitamin D nutritional status, including weekly time outdoors, breastfeeding status, anthropometric measurement, and assessment of dietary intake, including milk and complementary food. The results revealed that 197 (41%) and 212 (44%) of infants in their first year of life had VDI and VDD, respectively, by the Endocrine Society guidelines. Breastfed infants had a higher prevalence of VDI (86.1%) than did mixed-fed (51.9%) and formula-fed (38.5%) infants (p < 0.001). The prevalence of VDD was 55.4% in infants aged under six months but increased to 61.6% in infants aged over six months. Infants in the VDI and VDD groups had the same anthropometrics as those in the vitamin D sufficiency (VDS) group. Our results revealed that 25(OH)D3 had a negative correlation with the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) when the serum 25(OH)D3 level ≤20 ng/mL (r = −0.21, p = 0.001). The VDS group had a higher total vitamin D intake than did the VDI and VDD groups, which was mainly obtained from infant formula. Our data revealed that dietary vitamin D intake and birth season were major indicators in predicting VDD. Lower dietary vitamin D intake and born in winter and spring significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for VDI by 1.15 (95% CI 1.09–1.20) and 2.02 (95% CI 1.10–3.70), respectively, and that for VDD by 1.23 (95% CI 1.16–1.31) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.35–4.17) without covariates adjustment, respectively. Furthermore, ORs for VDI and VDD significantly differed after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, the prevalence of VDI and VDD were high in infants during the first year of life. Breastfeeding infants had difficulty in obtaining sufficient vitamin D from diet. In cases where the amount of sun exposure that is safe and sufficient to improve vitamin D status is unclear, breastfed infants aged below one year old are recommended to be supplemented with vitamin D.

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“…Recent studies have further indicated that vitD deficiency is associated with risks of numerous musculoskeletal, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases [ 8 ], as well as cancer, infertility, complications in pregnancy, dementia, and overall mortality (see [ 2 ] for details). Although some researchers have used observational or clinical evidence to argue that vitD has weak or no effect on health issues, ranging from health improvement [ 9 ] to the incidence and mortality of all diseases and general or site-specific cancers [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], the importance of vitD as an essential nutrient for human health is confirmed as general wisdom by scientific evidence [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Perceived Benefit on Vitamin D Supplementation Intention: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective

Chen

Chao

Chu

2022

IJERPH

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There are many factors that affect vitamin D supplementation, including those from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB); however, how the perceived benefit acts in the model remains unknown. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of the TPB and the impacts of the perceived benefit (PBE) in the model. The subjects were 287 customers who purchased vitD from pharmacies in major cities in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analyses, and path analysis via SPSS and AMOS were used to analyse the data. The original TPB model explained 47.5% of the variance of intention with the three variables of attitude (β = 0.261), perceived behavioural control (β = 0.183), and subjective norms (β = 0.169). The model that incorporated PBE increased the explained variance to 59.7%, and PBE became the strongest predictor (β = 0.310) and a significant mediator linking attitude, subjective norms, perceived control (ANC) with supplementation intention. PBE and attitude were the two most important variables in predicting vitD supplementation intention. We suggest that updated information regarding dietary sources of vitD and its benefits should be included in health- or nutrition-related courses in education programs for the overall health of the nation.

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No improvement in vitamin D status in German infants and adolescents between 2009 and 2014 despite public recommendations to increase vitamin D intake in 2012

Abstract: The increased D-A-CH recommendations for vitamin D intake had no influence on vitamin D levels in children and adolescents. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has not changed compared to previous studies.

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children

Infants’ Vitamin D Nutritional Status in the First Year of Life in Northern Taiwan

Effects of Perceived Benefit on Vitamin D Supplementation Intention: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective

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