“…They conclude that various forms of technology support instruments are considerably more effective. Still, although carbon taxes may not be the only solution to the emissions problem, they have been successfully implemented in several jurisdictions around the world, starting with the Nordic countries in the early 90 ′ s (Finland 1990, Sweden and Norway 1991, and Denmark 1992 As several recent instances of public protests against governmental attempts to increase fossil fuel prices demonstrate, for example in France (Maestre-Andrés et al, 2019), Ecuador (Schaffitzel et al, 2020), and several Canadian provinces (De Cillia and McCurdy, 2020;Harrison and Peet, 2012), the effects of carbon pricing stretch beyond the immediate consequences for carbon emissions levels. Carbon tax also has tangible distributional effects, as it imposes a relatively larger direct burden as a share of income on lower-income than on higher-income households.…”