NOB suppression in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) process by discharging aged flocs: Performance and microbial community dynamics

Li, Jialin; Zhang, Liang; Peng, Yongzhen; Yang, Shenhua; Wang, Xiaoling; Li, Xiyao; Zhang, Qiong

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.023

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Overall, an average AnAOB contribution to TIN removal over the filters of 52 ± 23% or 101 ± 52 mg TIN/m 3 /d and an AnAOB contribution over the whole plant nitrogen removal of 15 ± 8% were achieved during the 2 years of operation presented in this paper (Figure 5D, Table 4). This consistent mainstream nitrogen removal (full‐scale) through the anammox pathway was more significant than any other reported data from full‐scale trials (Cao et al, 2018; Li et al, 2019; Wett et al, 2015). The rates achieved in this study were within the lower range of conventional magnitude (WEF, 2010) and were limited by low hydraulic flow due to overdesign of the filters (WEF, 2010) and by the TIN loading provided given the efficient removal in the upstream BNR system (Figure 2d, Table 3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These conditions make any process that uses heterotrophic denitrification impractical, although sidestream nitrite shunt (Hellinga et al, 1998) and partial denitrificationanammox (Sharp et al, 2017) processes do exist. Mainstream PNA pilot-and bench-scale testing have shown promise in some cases (Cao et al, 2017;De Clippeleir et al, 2013;Han et al, 2016;Regmi et al, 2015), but it has not led to widespread full-scale implementations despite a few reports of full-scale PNA trials (Cao et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Wett et al, 2015). The difficulty to demonstrate that significant amounts of ammonium (NH 4 + -N) are being consistently routed through the anammox pathway and the lack of stability and reliability of NOB out-selection limit the full-scale adoption of PNA processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full‐scale transition from denitrification to partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep‐bed filters: Operational strategies for and benefits of PdNA implementation

Fofana

Parsons

Long

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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This study shows for the first time more than 2 years of operation of a mainstream anammox application at full-scale under temperate climate. This implementation of partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in deep bed filters at the HRSD York River treatment plant was demonstrated to achieve the benefits of shortcut nitrogen removal without nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) out-selection. The transition from denitrification to PdNA filters required bleeding ammonium to the filters using an optimized ammonium versus NOx (AvN) control in the upstream aeration tanks and maintaining a nitrate residual in the filter effluent through feedforward/feedback control. The latter actions led to savings of 85% in methanol, 100% in alkalinity, and 35% in capacity enhancement. Up to 6 mg NH 4 + -N/L with an average of 2.2 ± 0.98 mg NH 4 + -N/L was removed through the anammox pathway, which accounted for about 15% of the overall plant nitrogen removal. Anammox enrichment was confirmed by activity testing and molecular analysis. The large excess of AnAOB capacity present in the filters (5-10 times more than normal operation) resulted in stable and reliable operation through winter conditions and showed potential for further intensification. Practitioner Points• For the first time, long-term mainstream anammox was established fullscale through PdNA implementation in deep-bed filters. • PdNA implementation required upstream aeration control optimization to provide a blend of ammonium and nitrate to the filters.• Efficient anammox enrichment and retention resulted in reliable PdNA performance under different seasonal and influent conditions.All authors are members of the Water Environment Federation (WEF).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐scale transition from denitrification to partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep‐bed filters: Operational strategies for and benefits of PdNA implementation

Fofana

Parsons

Long

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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“…Whether the enrichment of Nitrospira in granular sludge would make the PNanammox system vulnerable or provide protection to AnAOB from a high aeration rate needs further investigation. Also, a recent study showed that gradual enrichment of nitrobacteria, including Nitropira in granular sludge, occurred during long-term discharge of flocculent sludge (Li et al, 2019b). In this study, low SRT caused by sludge loss and the growth of granular sludge under high NLR during the stable stage after recovery might be the cause of enrichment of Nitropira in particles.…”

Section: /Dnhmentioning

confidence: 60%

Start-up of PN-anammox system under low inoculation quantity and its restoration after low-loading rate shock

Zhang

Han

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Partial nitritation (PN)-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising pathway for the biological treatment of wastewater. However, the destruction of the system caused by excessive accumulation of nitrate in long-term operation remains a challenge. In this study, PNanammox was initialized with low inoculation quantity in an air-lift reactor. The nitrogen removal rate of 0.71 kgN/(m 3 $d) was obtained, which was far higher than the seed sludge (0.3 kgN/(m 3 $d)). Thereafter, excess nitrate build-up was observed under low-loading conditions, and recovery strategies for the PN-anammox system were investigated. Experimental results suggest that increasing the nitrogen loading rate as well as the concentration of free ammonium failed to effectively suppress the nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) after the PN-anammox system was disrupted. Afterwards, effluent back-flow was added into the reactor to control the up-flow velocity. As a result, an aggressive discharge of sludge that promoted the synergetic growth of functional bacteria was achieved, leading to the successful restoration of the PN-anammox system. The partial nitritation and anammox activity were in balance, and an increase in nitrogen removal rate up to 1.07 kgN/(m 3 $d) was obtained with a nitrogen removal efficiency of 82.4% after recovery. Besides, the proportion of granular sludge (over 200 mm) increased from 33.67% to 82.82%. Ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB) along with anammox bacteria were enriched in the granular sludge during the recovery period, which was crucial for the recovery and stable operation of the PN-anammox system.

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“…For stable nitrogen removal in the ANAMMOX process suppression of complete nitrification in the PN is essential [30,31]. In addition, an appropriate is required [32,33].…”

Section: Effect Of Influent Alkalinity On Partial Nitritationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen loading rate and alkalinity on partial nitritation in a continuous stirred tank reactor

Choi

Yun

et al. 2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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In order to achieve an appropriate effluent ratio of ammonium and nitrite as an influent of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process, the optimum conditions for the partial nitritation in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were investigated using real reject water. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent alkalinity (HCO3-)/NH4+-N ratio were major factors that greatly influenced the partial nitritation. As a result of continuous operation, ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and effluent nitrite to ammonium ratio (NAR) could be achieved at the HRT of 19 h corresponding to 0.71 kg/m3/d of nitrogen loading rate (NLR). Thereafter, the influent HCO3-/NH4+-N ratio was adjusted from 0.5 to 2, and as a result, the optimum partial nitritation efficiency was maintained when the influent HCO3-/NH4+-N ratio was one. The suitability of the determined operating conditions was verified in a CSTR over 30 d of operation time.

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NOB suppression in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) process by discharging aged flocs: Performance and microbial community dynamics

Cited by 53 publications

References 49 publications

Full‐scale transition from denitrification to partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep‐bed filters: Operational strategies for and benefits of PdNA implementation

Full‐scale transition from denitrification to partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in deep‐bed filters: Operational strategies for and benefits of PdNA implementation

Start-up of PN-anammox system under low inoculation quantity and its restoration after low-loading rate shock

Effect of nitrogen loading rate and alkalinity on partial nitritation in a continuous stirred tank reactor

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