Noble Metal Systems. Selected Systems from Ag-Al-Zn to Rh-Ru-Sc

Effenberg, G.; Ilyenko, S.

doi:10.1007/b96200

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…%) (Table S2). These results are consistent with the state diagrams of binary systems, Au-Ag, Au-Cu, and Au-Pd, and the ternary system, Au-Ag-Cu, whose phase diagrams show the presence of wide regions of solid solutions [49,50].…”

Section: Inclusions Of Minor Phases In Bmssupporting

confidence: 86%

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

et al. 2019

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We carried out a directed crystallization of a melt of the following composition (in mol. %): Fe 31.79, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.70, S 50.20, Sn 0.05, As 0.04, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Se, Te, Bi, and Sb by 0.03. The obtained cylindrical sample consisted of monosulfide solid solution (mss), nonstoichometric isocubanite (icb*), and three modifications of intermediate solid solution (iss 1 , iss 2 , iss 3 ) crystallized from the melt. The simultaneous formation of two types of liquids separated during cooling of the parent sulfide melt was revealed. In the first, concentrations of noble metals associated with Bi, Sb, and Te were found. The second is related to Cu and was found to contain a large amount of S in addition to Bi and Sb. We established the main types of inclusions formed during fractional crystallization of Pt-bearing sulfide melt. It was shown that noble metals are concentrated in inclusions in the form of RuS 2 , PdTe 2 , (Pt,Pd)Te 2 , PtRhAsS, and Ag 2 Se, doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd, in mss and in the form of PtAs 2 ; Au-doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd; Ag 2 Te; and Pd(Bi,Sb) x Te 1−x in icb* and iss. As solid solutions in the base metal sulfides, Rh is present in mss, Sn in iss.Minerals 2019, 9, 531 2 of 18 independent phases both with the main elements and with other trace elements. Since the Noril'sk ores are an important industrial source of the platinum group elements (PGE), intense research on the regularities of Ag-Au-PGE mineralization has been carried out [1][2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24].Most geologists assume that magmatic sulfide liquids are the source of PGE [2,4,10,25]. In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals. Both hypotheses are based on the results of geochemical observations and on experimental data [1,2,4,10,[17][18][19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Fundamental knowledge about the behavior of noble metals is contained primarily in the phase diagram of the systems related to this problem (see the review in [36][37][38][39][40][41]). Useful information is contained in experimental data on the composition and structure of samples obtained by prolonged isothermal annealing of partially crystallized samples and further quenching to room temperature [30][31][32][36][37][38][39][40][41]. For example, in [36], diagrams of the following systems were described: Pd-Fe-S, Pd-Ni-S, Pd-Cu-S, Pd-Pt-S, Fe-Pt-S, Pt-Fe-As-S, Pt-Pd-As-S, Pd-Ni-As, Pd-Sb-Te, Pt-Pd-Sb, Pd-Bi-Te, Pd-Pt-Sb, and so on. In this case, the composition of the samples is chosen by the experimenter. By contrast, in our works, we studied samples obtained by directed crystallization of melts of a given composition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Usually, this method is applied in the case of gradual solidification of a cylindrical sample from one end to another. In this process, the melt is separated from the crystallized mass by a single interface-the crystallization front. The difference in the compositions of the melt and coexisting solid phases leads to fractionation of th...

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Section: Inclusions Of Minor Phases In Bmssupporting

confidence: 86%

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

et al. 2019

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“…The mixture was then hot-pressed in a 40-mm-diameter cylindrical die under 50 bar at 450 K and cooled to room temperature. The compacted bars, having a melting point of about 500 K, 23 were sintered at 455 K for 1 h, before being extruded as 10 mm 9 10 mm bars at the same temperature. The same procedures of compaction, sintering, and extrusion were followed for the monolithic solder.…”

Section: Materials and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impression Creep of a Lead-Free Sn-1.7Sb-1.5Ag Solder Reinforced by Submicron-Size Al2O3 Particles

Kangooie

Mahmudi

Geranmayeh

2009

Journal of Elec Materi

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In the present study, the Sn-1.7Sb-1.5Ag solder alloy and the same material reinforced with 5 vol.% of 0.3-lm Al 2 O 3 particles were synthesized using the powder metallurgy route of blending, compaction, sintering, and extrusion. The impression creep behavior of both monolithic and composite solders was studied under a constant punching stress in the range of 20 MPa to 110 MPa, at temperatures in the range of 320 K to 430 K. The creep resistance of the composite solder was higher than that of the monolithic alloy at all applied stresses and temperatures, as indicated by their corresponding minimum creep rates. This was attributed to the dispersive distribution of the submicron-sized Al 2 O 3 particles in the composite solder. Assuming a power-law relationship between the impression stress and velocity, average stress exponents of 5.3 to 5.6 and 5.8 to 5.9 were obtained for the monolithic and composite materials, respectively. Analysis of the data showed that, for all loads and temperatures, the activation energy for both materials was almost stress independent, with average values of 44.0 kJ mol À1 and 41.6 kJ mol À1 for the monolithic and composite solders, respectively. These activation energies are close to the value of 46 kJ mol À1 for dislocation climb, assisted by vacancy diffusion through dislocation cores in the Sn. This, together with the stress exponents of about 5 to 5.9, suggests that the operative creep mechanism is dislocation viscous glide controlled by dislocation pipe diffusion.

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“…Consequently, this higher value of tensile strength can be attributed to higher thickness of reaction layer, more spreading and less wetting angle for 321 stainless steel laser brazed joints. According to binary and ternary phase diagrams [27][28][29], formation of inter metallic compound is not seen in the reaction layer. Therefore, increasing this layer leads to stronger joints due to better inter diffusion.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Laser Brazed Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on laser brazing of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels with silver-based filler metal

Khorram¹,

GHOREISHI²,

J.³

et al. 2016

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In the present study, laser brazing of austenitic stainless steel (type 321) and martensitic stainless steel (type 410) have been performed using 400 W pulsed Nd:YAG laser with silverbased filler metal. The microstructure was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The laser brazed joints consist of α-Ag solid solution, α-Cu solid solution surrounded by the α-Ag solid solution and eutectic structure. Filler metal shows better spreading on 321 stainless steel because of more content of Ni and presence of Ti as an activator in the alloy. The average thickness of reaction layer is approximately 3.2 µm for 321 stainless steel and 2.2 µm for 410 stainless steel. The tensile strength of 321 stainless steel joints is higher than that of 410 stainless steel joints due to higher thickness of reaction layer, more spreading and smaller wetting angle. The average of micro hardness for joints in a seam is approximately 146 HV. K e y w o r d s : plaser brazing, 321 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, silver-based filler metal,

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Noble Metal Systems. Selected Systems from Ag-Al-Zn to Rh-Ru-Sc

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

Impression Creep of a Lead-Free Sn-1.7Sb-1.5Ag Solder Reinforced by Submicron-Size Al2O3 Particles

Comparative study on laser brazing of austenitic and martensitic stainless steels with silver-based filler metal

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