Noble metals in oncology

Abstract

Worldwide research groups are searching for anticancer compounds, many of them are organometalic complexes having platinum group metals as their active centers. Most commonly used cytostatics from this group are cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin was used fot the first time in 1978, from this time many platinum derivatives were created. In this review we present biological properties and probable future clinical use of platinum, gold, silver, iridium and ruthenium derivatives. Gold derivative Auranofin has been studied extensively. Action of silver nanoparticles on different cell lines was analysed. Iridium isotopes are commonly used in brachyterapy. Ruthenium compound new anti-tumour metastasis inhibitor (NAMI-A) is used in managing lung cancer metastases. Electroporation of another ruthenium based compound KP1339 was also studied. Most of described complexes have antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties. Further studies need to be made. Nevertheless noble metal based chemotherapheutics and compounds seem to be an interesting direction of research.

Vanadium compounds and cellular death mechanisms in the A549 cell line: The relevance of the compound valence

“…The search for new molecules that complement or substitute cisplatinum, currently used in several cancer treatments, is a priority as it induces serious toxic effects in treated patients (Bishayee, Waghray, Patel, & Chatterjee, 2010). Among many possibilities, several transition metal compounds with proven in vitro antitumor activity have been considered (Markowska et al, 2015;Wu, Hong, & Yang, 2016).…”

“…These toxic effects occur in both normal and cancer cells; therefore, the development of new molecules, which would overcome these disadvantages, is a priority (Ediriweera, Tennekoon, & Samarakoon, 2018). Several metal compounds with proven in vitro antitumor activity have been considered (Leon, Cadavid-Vargas, Di Virgilio, & Etcheverry, 2017;Liang et al, 2017;Markowska, Kasprzak, Jaszczynska-Nowinka, Lubin, & Markowska, 2015; Rozzo et al, 2017).…”

Developments in Platinum-Group Metals as Dual Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents

“…Between 1803 and 1804, Smithson Tennant, a British chemist, discovered iridium in the dregs of crude platinum when it was dissolved using aqua regia (hydrochloric acid and trioxonitrate(V) acid) [10][11][12][13]. e origin of the name was derived from the Latin word, "iris," which means, "rainbow."…”

“…e origin of the name was derived from the Latin word, "iris," which means, "rainbow." Iridium is a d-block transition metal with a symbol of Ir, atomic number of 77, and atomic mass of 192.217 [11]. Iridium has variable oxidation states from − III to +IX [14], but according to Liu et al, iridium has four different oxidation states, namely, +1, +2, +3, and +4.…”

Isomeric Effect on the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Anticancer CuII Mixed Chelate Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Approach

“…[4] One of the essential metal ions extensively explored is copper. This ion is involved in several major functions of mammalian cells, such as energetic metabolism, antioxidant defense, iron absorption, sulfur amino acid metabolism, and blood clotting.…”