Noise levels from toys and recreational articles for children and teenagers

Hellstrom, Per Anders Rickard; Dengerink, H. A.; Axelsson, A.

doi:10.3109/03005369209076646

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…21 Toys, fireworks and recreational activities may also generate high noise levels, which are potentially detrimental for young children's hearing. 22,23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological investigations of hearing loss in childhood: a review

Bamiou¹,

Macardle²,

Bitner-Glinzicz³

et al. 2000

Clin Otolaryngol

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Advances in genetics, improvements in neonatal intensive care and the introduction of universal immunisation programmes have resulted in major changes in the epidemiology of hearing loss in children. Perinatal factors now account for 27% of the child population with hearing loss, compared to 2% about 25 years ago. 1 In the UK, the prevalence of hearing impairment in children with a history of treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit has increased fourfold over a period of 15 years, 2 and is higher than in other European countries. 3 A combination of neonatal intensive care unit status, family history of hearing loss and craniofacial abnormality noticeable at birth may account for up to 64% of all types of hearing loss. 2 The overall prevalence of bilateral hearing loss in children is estimated to be between 0.5/1000 live births 4 to 1.2/1000 2 and up to 2.1/1000 5 in different studies, depending on factors such as methods of hearing loss ascertainment, degree of hearing loss targeted, geographical area and time period of the study. Investigation of the hearing impaired child aims to identify the cause of the hearing loss and to provide information relevant to hearing loss management, coexisting medical problems and prognosis for the child and the family. In addition, these investigations may also help to clarify phenotypes in genetic hearing loss and to provide a more accurate picture of epidemiology, which is necessary for planning effective hearing loss prevention and surveillance programmes. The objective of this paper is to review the current literature on this topic and to assist the clinician in devising an investigative plan for this population.

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“…21 Toys, fireworks and recreational activities may also generate high noise levels, which are potentially detrimental for young children's hearing. 22,23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological investigations of hearing loss in childhood: a review

Bamiou¹,

Macardle²,

Bitner-Glinzicz³

et al. 2000

Clin Otolaryngol

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“…Many of the toy pistols emit levels which are similar to the original weapon with peak sound-pressure levels of 150-160 dB. 5 In a recent report from India it was noted that approximately 3% of those exposed to firecrackers during a particular holiday suffered a persistent NIHL. 15 High sound levels clearly exceeding the risk for hearing damage have also been demonstrated from model airplanes, 18 air guns, portable telephones, [19][20][21][22] and arcade games.…”

Section: A Noisy Toysmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1,2 Lately, reviews of leisure activities have also appeared in the United States ͑U.S.͒ and Scandinavia. [3][4][5] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recreational exposure to noise and its effects

Axelsson¹

1996

Noise Control Eng. J.

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Many efforts have been made lately to combat occupational noise exposure, and the situation in many industries concerning noise preventive measures seems promising. Conversely, the situation seems less promising with regard to noise exposure in recreational activities. There are reasons to raise concerns about noisy activities such as personal cassette players, pop and rock concerts, car stereos, motor sports, and shooting activities. For most of the musically oriented activities the situation is probably generally satisfactory. Even if the sound levels frequently are very high, the exposure time and number of exposures per year is limited. For impulsive noisy activities, however, the situation is more serious. For example, the impulsive noise in connection with the use of weapons, firecrackers, and toy cap guns when ear protection is not used may lead to a permanent noise-induced hearing loss under accidental conditions. The general attitude concerning recreational noisy activities should obviously be to strive for lower sound levels, limited exposure, and better use of hearing protection. © 1996 Institute of Noise Control Engineering.

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“…9 Similarly, the noise generated by singlepulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is no greater than what children might experience listening to music or from environmental exposures (100-120 dB). 10 In a review of over 850 infants and children exposed to sTMS, including both healthy children and those with neurologic disorders, there were no serious adverse events reported. 9 The use of sTMS in the treatment of migraine is supported by pathobiologic and clinical trial evidence, 6,[11][12][13][14][15] and has the potential to be an effective, safe, 7 and well-tolerated nonpharmacologic preventive treatment option for migraine in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Magnetic field strengths generated by TMS devices are 1.5‐2 T, comparable to the field strength of clinically used MRI scanners . Similarly, the noise generated by single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) is no greater than what children might experience listening to music or from environmental exposures (100‐120 dB) . In a review of over 850 infants and children exposed to sTMS, including both healthy children and those with neurologic disorders, there were no serious adverse events reported .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%