Noise of collapsing minerals: Predictability of the compressional failure in goethite mines

Salje, Ekhard K. H.; Lampronti, Giulio I.; Soto-Parra, Daniel; Ardanuy, Jordi; Planes, Antoni; Vives, Eduard

doi:10.2138/am.2013.4319

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Experimentally, it has been shown that the avalanches stem from sudden changes of the internal strain field (displacement discontinuities), which usually lead to shrinking of the sample and can be detected by measuring the acoustic emission (AE) originating from contraction. Avalanche behavior has been observed previously in porous Vycor glass [10], natural goethite [11], porous alumina [12], and berlinite [13]. Their statistical characteristics share many similarities with seismicity such as the Earth crust failure due to stresses originated from plate tectonics [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

et al. 2014

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The failure dynamics in SiO 2 -based porous materials under compression, namely the synthetic glass Gelsil and three natural sandstones, has been studied for slowly increasing compressive uniaxial stress with rates between 0.2 and 2.8 kPa/s. The measured collapsed dynamics is similar to Vycor, which is another synthetic porous SiO 2 glass similar to Gelsil but with a different porous mesostructure. Compression occurs by jerks of strain release and a major collapse at the failure point. The acoustic emission and shrinking of the samples during jerks are measured and analyzed. The energy of acoustic emission events, its duration, and waiting times between events show that the failure process follows avalanche criticality with power law statistics over ca. 4 decades with a power law exponent ε 1.4 for the energy distribution. This exponent is consistent with the mean-field value for the collapse of granular media. Besides the absence of length, energy, and time scales, we demonstrate the existence of aftershock correlations during the failure process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Nevertheless, the corroboration of this hypothesis certainly requires more detailed investigations. The behavior in SiO 2 -porous materials is different from other porous materials such as goethite [11], berlinite [13], or alumina [12], which are also granular materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

et al. 2014

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“…The experimental arrangement for a uniaxial compression has been described in detail in [2,27]. Each studied sample was placed between two parallel circular stainless steel plates, perpendicular to the direction of the applied force.…”

Section: B Compression Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the same approach as has been recently taken to study the failure of natural minerals such as goethite [27] and different sandstones [5] and some synthetic porous glasses such as Vycor and Gelsil [5] and alumina [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avalanche criticality during compression of porcine cortical bone of different ages

et al. 2016

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Crack events developed during uniaxial compression of cortical bones cut from femurs of developing pigs of several ages (4, 12, and 20 weeks) generate avalanches. These avalanches have been investigated by acoustic emission analysis techniques. The avalanche energies are power law distributed over more than four decades. Such behavior indicates the absence of characteristic scales and suggests avalanche criticality. The statistical distributions of energies and waiting times depend on the pig age and indicate that bones become stronger, but less ductile, with increasing age. Crack propagation is equally age-dependent. Older pigs show, on average, smaller cracks with a time distribution similar to those of aftershocks in earthquakes, while younger pigs show only statistically independent failure events.

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“…As failure is approached, temporal correlation of events emerges accompanied by spatial clustering. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.065501 PACS numbers: 61.43.Gt, 46.50.+a, 89.75.Da, 91.60.Ba Understanding the processes that lead to catastrophic failure of porous granular media is an important problem in a wide variety of applications, notably in Earth science and engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Such failure is often preceded by detectable changes in mechanical properties (stress and strain) and in geophysical signals (elastic wave velocity, electrical conductivity, and acoustic emissions) measured remotely at the sample boundary [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

et al. 2014

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We investigate the scaling properties of the sources of crackling noise in a fully dynamic numerical model of sedimentary rocks subject to uniaxial compression. The model is initiated by filling a cylindrical container with randomly sized spherical particles that are then connected by breakable beams. Loading at a constant strain rate the cohesive elements fail, and the resulting stress transfer produces sudden bursts of correlated failures, directly analogous to the sources of acoustic emissions in real experiments. The source size, energy, and duration can all be quantified for an individual event, and the population can be analyzed for its scaling properties, including the distribution of waiting times between consecutive events. Despite the nonstationary loading, the results are all characterized by power-law distributions over a broad range of scales in agreement with experiments. As failure is approached, temporal correlation of events emerges accompanied by spatial clustering. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.065501 PACS numbers: 61.43.Gt, 46.50.+a, 89.75.Da, 91.60.Ba Understanding the processes that lead to catastrophic failure of porous granular media is an important problem in a wide variety of applications, notably in Earth science and engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Such failure is often preceded by detectable changes in mechanical properties (stress and strain) and in geophysical signals (elastic wave velocity, electrical conductivity, and acoustic emissions) measured remotely at the sample boundary [9]. In particular, acoustic emissions result from sources of internal damage due to sudden local dislocations in the form of tensile or shear microcracks whose origin time, location, orientation, duration, and magnitude can all be inferred from the radiated wave train [10]. Typically, only a very small proportion of the microcracks revealed by destructive thin sectioning after the test result in detectable acoustic emissions [11]. As a consequence, experimental data provide only limited insight into the complexity of the microscopic processes at work prior to failure, notably the probability distributions of the relevant parameters, their scaling properties, and their population dynamics.Theoretical approaches to the dynamics and statistics of rupture cascades have typically been based on stochastic fracture models comprising lattices of springs [12], beams [13,14], fuses [15,16], or fibers [17][18][19]. However, such lattice models involve a strong simplification of the material microstructure and the inhomogeneous stress field. For example, macroscopic laws of damage for cohesive elements are often implemented at the mesoscopic scale on a regular two-dimensional grid, avoiding the truly threedimensional microstructure of real porous media, and often using power-law rheology as an input. Here, we adopt a discrete element modeling (DEM) approach that relaxes all of these restrictions and allows a realistic investigation of the emergent properties of the dynamics, including the temporal and spatial...

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Noise of collapsing minerals: Predictability of the compressional failure in goethite mines

Cited by 57 publications

References 53 publications

Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

Avalanches in compressed porousSiO2-based materials

Avalanche criticality during compression of porcine cortical bone of different ages

Rupture Cascades in a Discrete Element Model of a Porous Sedimentary Rock

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