Nomenclature for real‐time magnetic resonance imaging

Dietz, Bryson; Fallone, B. G.; Wachowicz, Keith

doi:10.1002/mrm.27487

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Radial GRAPPA techniques can enable dynamic or real‐time imaging depending on the way in which image reconstruction is implemented. Real‐time imaging is defined by Dietz et al as dynamic imaging with low image reconstruction and display latencies (i.e., on‐the‐fly image reconstruction and display). Real‐time imaging is desirable in clinical speech assessment as it would allow SLTs to visualize the motion of the velum before the next acquisition and, therefore, if necessary, modify or repeat speech tasks based on what is seen in the images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would allow the SLT to, if necessary, modify or repeat speech tasks based on what is seen in the images, and would result in MRI having the same capabilities as nasendoscopy and X‐ray videofluoroscopy. Dynamic imaging with low latency, defined by Dietz et al as real‐time imaging, is, therefore, desirable in clinical speech assessment. Some dynamic imaging techniques can be converted into real‐time imaging techniques, for example by changing the way in which image reconstruction is implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil

Ruthven

Freitas

Boubertakh

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose: To investigate: (1) the feasibility of using through-time radial GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (rGRAPPA) and hybrid radial GRAPPA (h-rGRAPPA) in single-and multislice dynamic speech MRI; (2) whether single-slice dynamic speech MRI at a rate of 15 frames per second (fps) or higher and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques. Methods: Seven healthy adult volunteers were imaged at 3T using a 16-channel neurovascular coil and 2 spoiled gradient echo sequences (radial trajectory, field of view = 192 × 192 mm 2 , acquired pixel size = 2.4 × 2.4 mm 2 ). One sequence imaged a single slice at 16.8 fps, the other imaged 2 interleaved slices at 7.8 fps per slice.Image sets were reconstructed using rGRAPPA and h-rGRAPPA, and their image quality was compared using the root mean square error, structural similarity index, and visual assessments. Results: Image quality deteriorated when fewer than 170 calibration frames were used in the rGRAPPA reconstruction. rGRAPPA image sets demonstrated: (1) in 97% of cases, a similar image quality to h-rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k-space segment size of 4, (2) in 98% of cases, a better image quality than h-rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k-space segment size of 32. Conclusion: This study confirmed: (1) the feasibility of using rGRAPPA and h-rGRAPPA in single-and multislice dynamic speech MRI, (2) that single-slice speech imaging at a frame rate higher than 15 fps and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques. K E Y W O R D Sdynamic MRI, multislice, radial GRAPPA, speech, velum

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil

Ruthven

Freitas

Boubertakh

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…Consequently, most recent approaches rely on the continuous acquisition of data during a single utterance of the speech sample [ 3 , 4 ]. Acquisitions are categorised as dynamic, near real time and real time depending on the reconstruction methodologies [ 37 , 38 ], although it is worth noting that some publications, especially older ones, are unfortunately referring to dynamic sequences as real time. For real-time acquisition, each consecutive frame is reconstructed and displayed on the scanner with very low latency, while the acquisition of the subsequent frame takes place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realistic Dynamic Numerical Phantom for MRI of the Upper Vocal Tract

et al. 2020

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Dynamic and real-time MRI (rtMRI) of human speech is an active field of research, with interest from both the linguistics and clinical communities. At present, different research groups are investigating a range of rtMRI acquisition and reconstruction approaches to visualise the speech organs. Similar to other moving organs, it is difficult to create a physical phantom of the speech organs to optimise these approaches; therefore, the optimisation requires extensive scanner access and imaging of volunteers. As previously demonstrated in cardiac imaging, realistic numerical phantoms can be useful tools for optimising rtMRI approaches and reduce reliance on scanner access and imaging volunteers. However, currently, no such speech rtMRI phantom exists. In this work, a numerical phantom for optimising speech rtMRI approaches was developed and tested on different reconstruction schemes. The novel phantom comprised a dynamic image series and corresponding k-space data of a single mid-sagittal slice with a temporal resolution of 30 frames per second (fps). The phantom was developed based on images of a volunteer acquired at a frame rate of 10 fps. The creation of the numerical phantom involved the following steps: image acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, mask optimisation, through-time and spatial interpolation and finally the derived k-space phantom. The phantom was used to: (1) test different k-space sampling schemes (Cartesian, radial and spiral); (2) create lower frame rate acquisitions by simulating segmented k-space acquisitions; (3) simulate parallel imaging reconstructions (SENSE and GRAPPA). This demonstrated how such a numerical phantom could be used to optimise images and test multiple sampling strategies without extensive scanner access.

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“…A recent Letter to the Editor (Dietz et al MRM 81(5), Nov 2018) raises issues with the use of the “ real‐time ” nomenclature in the MRI literature and the under‐reporting of reconstruction latency. As a researcher in this field, I would like to express agreement with the importance of reporting latency, while disagreeing with the need for a change in nomenclature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Letter to the Editor: “Nomenclature for real‐time magnetic resonance imaging”

Nayak

2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Nomenclature for real‐time magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil

Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil

Realistic Dynamic Numerical Phantom for MRI of the Upper Vocal Tract

Response to Letter to the Editor: “Nomenclature for real‐time magnetic resonance imaging”

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