Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: general approaches to the choice of therapy

Abstract

Currently, there is a growing interest in one of the most common diseases in hepatology non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that approximately 75% of cases of NAFLD occur against the background of obesity, dyslipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At the present stage, a persistent pathophysiological interaction between NAFLD and T2DM has been demonstrated. Insulin resistance is one of the main pathogenetic causes of the development of T2DM and NAFLD. At the same time, it is necessary to highlight the role of the intestinal microbiota and epigenome in the manifestation and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, treatment approaches should be comprehensive. Diet therapy should be aimed at calorie restriction. However, in real clinical practice, phisicians face a low commitment to appropriate and long-term dietary recommendations necessary for weight loss. At the same time, use of dietary fibers, which are part of the preparation Mucofalk, helps to slow down the passage of food through the digestive tract, increase the saturation period. Use of a low-calorie diet with a significant fat restriction may increase the risk of gallstones. Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (Ursofalk) can be recommended for the prevention of cholelithiasis. Considering the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, it is necessary to correct dysbiotic changes as well as basic pharmacotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive approach to the management of patients with NAFLD and T2DM should be aimed not only at therapy, but also at the prevention of associated metabolic disorders.

Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice

“…In a prospective study of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of hepatic steatosis was 49%, suggesting this strong independent risk factor for MASLD [34]. Diabetes mellitus is the most evident biological connection to the development of MASLD, with as many as 75% of individuals with type 2 diabetes also having MASLD [35]. Diabetes is not only a common comorbidity of MASLD but also one of the determinants of the progression of MASLD toward MASH, developing accelerated liver fibrosis and HCC [36].…”