Non-battle craniomaxillofacial injuries from U.S. military operations

A 12-Year Analysis of Nonbattle Injury Among US Service Members Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Leading causes are attributed to physical training, falls, and sports injuries. 4,5,7 Nonbattle injury among deployed forces may have different possible causes, deplete medical resources, increase costs, decrease mission capabilities, and result in long-term disability for injured service members. 1,2,4,5 Historically, NBI has contributed to morbidity and mortality during military operations, [8][9][10] accounting for 13% of hospital admissions during the Vietnam War 11 and 25% during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm.…”

“…Previous research on NBI has focused on the anatomical region injured, aggregate rates of NBI in conjunction with medical disease, 15,16 and investigations specific to single military services. 5,7,[17][18][19][20] Aside from the 12-year analysis by Patel et al, 14 previous analyses of NBI have examined only limited periods.…”

The Joint Facial and Invasive Neck Trauma (J‐FAINT) Project, Iraq and Afghanistan: 2011‐2016

“…Many studies have assessed overall, battle‐specific, and nonbattle maxillofacial injuries sustained during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars with data spanning through 2011 4,7–9 . These reports have provided valuable information regarding the necessity of competent head and neck surgeons to care for injuries on the battlefield.…”

“…2 Many studies have assessed overall, battle-specific, and nonbattle maxillofacial injuries sustained during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars with data spanning through 2011. 4,[7][8][9] These reports have provided valuable information regarding the necessity of competent head and neck surgeons to care for injuries on the battlefield. Feldt et al 4 provided one of the most comprehensive analyses of head and neck trauma in modern conflict in the Joint Facial and Invasive Neck Trauma (J-FAINT) Project, Iraq and Afghanistan, 2003 to 2011.…”

Quality of bone healing: Perspectives and assessment techniques

“…More recently, craniomaxillofacial (CMF) operations for the correction of bony defects along with serious battle injuries involving CMF and extremity fractures place an additional clinical burden for reconstruction of bony defects. The presence of compromised healing environments further increases these demands .…”