Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review

Roszkowska, Anna; Pawlicka, Marta; Mroczek, Anna; Bałabuszek, Kamil; Nieradko-Iwanicka, Barbara

doi:10.3390/medicina55060222

Cited by 91 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…There is a need for diagnostic biomarkers of NCGS [13]. There is limited research showing AGA is raised in NCGS patients compared to the general population [11]. In the current study the positivity rate in patients was 17.9%, compared to 12.5% of healthy volunteers, (a non-significant difference).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Brain fog and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: Proof of concept brain MRI pilot study

et al. 2020

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Aims Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is poorly understood, particularly in terms of its neurological outcomes. We initially conducted a prospective postal survey to investigate its neurological presentation and symptom course. Results from this then motivated a follow-up pilot study utilising brain MRI to characterise potential diagnostic biomarkers for future research. Methods Patients with NCGS were recruited from a specialist centre and completed a prospective postal questionnaire (N = 125). This summarised symptoms experienced, their severity and their course. Onset time was compared by Chi-squared analysis to data from the same centre concerning coeliac disease patients (N = 224). Five respondents on a strict gluten-free diet who self-reported brain fog then attended a pilot study, completing MR brain imaging/questionnaires before/after a gluten challenge. "Baseline" data were assessed for abnormalities, while symptom severity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared before/after challenge. Results Survey participants were aged 47 (85% female). Prevalence of neurological symptoms were: headaches (51%), brain fog (48%), balance issues (31%), tingling (19%). Median symptom resolution time was 48 hours, while onset was 90 minutes; onset pattern was not significantly different compared to CD patients (p = 0.322). Extra-intestinal symptoms worsened by 37%(±28) during a typical reaction. Predominantly non-statistical observations from the brain imaging study are discussed. Conclusions Neurological symptoms in NCGS are common, and onset time is comparable to that in CD. Brain imaging may be a useful future means of investigating physiological injury and responses to gluten in further study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Brain fog and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: Proof of concept brain MRI pilot study

et al. 2020

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“…Experiencing abdominal pain, bloating or inflammation, or a lack of energy increased the likelihood that a person would adopt a GF diet. Many symptoms for CD and NCGS overlap with other diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease (Roszkowska et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of gluten-free diet adoption among individuals without celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity

et al. 2021

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Objectives: Gluten free (GF) foods are typically less nutritious and more expensive than their gluten-containing variants, yet people without a diagnosed gluten sensitivity continue to adopt this diet. There is a lack of research about what factors drive people without Celiac disease or non-Celiac gluten sensitivity to follow the GF diet. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 2982 US residents without a diagnosed gluten sensitivity were surveyed about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences with the GF diet. Logistic regression was used to compare respondents who were currently avoiding or had avoided gluten previously (GF consumer) to respondents who had never tried a GF diet (non-GF consumer). Results: Over one-fifth of respondents were GF consumers. Beliefs that a gluten-reduced diet is healthier (OR 1.69; 95% CI [1.30,2.18]), that GF products are more nutritious (OR 1.46, 95% CI [1.11,1.90), and that a GF diet can help clear acne (OR 1.46; 95% CI [1.13,1.88]) were all positively associated with trying a GF diet. Personal research was the most influential source of information associated with trying a GF diet (OR 2.92; 95% CI [1.91,4.52]). This was followed by "healthcare center or health professional" (OR 2.57; 95% CI [1.71,3.90]. Respondents who were never encouraged to try the GF diet were less likely to try the diet (OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.23,0.46]). Conclusions: Positive, but scientifically unsubstantiated, beliefs about the benefits of the GF diet were strongly associated with trying a GF diet, and the source of recommendation to try a GF diet was important.

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“…Wheat sensitivity comprises WA (induced by gluten and other wheat components) and other gluten related disorders (GRD). 15 The term GRD is the overarching term proposed by an international, multidisciplinary task force, the Oslo group, to describe all gluten triggered diseases. GRD include coeliac disease (CD), nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and gluten ataxia.…”

Section: The Spectrum Of Wheat Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 (Figure 1) CD occurs in genetically susceptible individuals with HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 genotypes and has a characteristic serological profile (such as antitissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA, antiendomysium IgA (EMA) and anti-deamidated gliadin peptides IgG (DPG). 15 Gliadin peptides activate T-lymphocytes in the lamina propria,…”

Section: The Spectrum Of Wheat Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%