Non-conservative forces in bulk systems

Abstract

The ability of electrons and phonons to equilibrate is fundamental to the thermodynamic and transport properties of solids. Nonetheless in mesoscopic systems sufficiently high current densities can lead to situations where the phonon subsystem can no longer reach a steady state. In previous work this phenomenon was connected with the demonstration that interatomic forces under current are non-conservative, with dramatic dynamical effects. Here we consider these effects in bulk systems. We arrive at a critical current density beyond which current flow results in the uncompensated stimulated emission of a blast of phonons.The result is illustrated with simulations of long atomic wires. It is hoped that the paper will stimulate research into the possible relevance of the effect to electropulsing.

Analisis Perpindahan Besar Akibat Gaya Non-Konservatif

“…Kasus lendutan besar pada tumpuan jepit -bebas, yang ditinjau untuk beban titik P dengan variasi sudut (α), untuk penyelesaian persamaan diferensial yang digunakan adalah metode homotopi perturbasi (homotopy perturbation method) dengan kombinasi pendekatan Laplace-Pade [7]. Sesuai Persamaan (4) dan Persamaan (5), maka diperoleh bentuk persamaan diferensial non-linier berikut [11][12][13][14][15]:…”

Manufacture of materials using external fields

“…The latest collection of papers describes the application of electropulsing to clean steel making [3], inclusion agglomeration [4], precipitation [5], corrosion [6], texturing [7], condensation [8] and microstructural alteration [9]. Todorov reports the micro-scale theory of the effect of electric current in bulk materials [10]. Related presentations on the effect of electropulsing on droplet breakup [11] and on low temperature crystal rotation [12] have also been published.…”