Non-Contact Determination of Vital Signs Monitoring of Animals in Hemorrhage States Using Bio-Radar

Abstract

With the rapid development and in-depth research of non-contact bio-radar-based detection technology, researchers have recently been putting more emphasis on target identification. Living status identification, a hotspot of target identification research, is particularly useful in search and rescue missions. During such missions, in order to rescue victims and provide corresponding medical support in a timely manner, it is necessary to acquire the survival information of victims, especially when they are injured. Hence, the vital signs extracted from a radar signal should be considered as the crucial parameters to reflect the living status. To determine living status through analyzing vital signs, this study utilized a bio-radar system to continuously monitor hemorrhagic animals, which simulated injured persons with hemorrhagic symptoms. Moreover, we defined and classified three survival periods based on changes in vital signs combined with a K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) classifier. Experimental results show that we can approximately determine the current living status of animals with this method, which can aid in providing information for on-site rescue and follow-up medical treatment.

Review: Noncontact Sensing of Animals Using Radar

“…Experimental animals are often selected as target animals in radar measurements because of their availability for controlled experiments. Examples of such animals are rats [5]- [13], mice [14], [15], golden hamsters [16], and rabbits [9], [17]- [24].…”

“…Matsumoto et al [39] measured the respiration of a horse using an FMCW radar system. Yu et al [24] measured the heartbeat of anesthetized rabbits in hemorrhage states using a quasi-mmW radar system.…”

“…The K band of microwaves (18-26.5 GHz) is also referred to as the quasi-mmW band. Yu et al [24], Hossain et al [36], Singh et al [49], Lai et al [33], and Tazen et al [32] all used 24-GHz radar systems for animal measurements.…”

“…For small animals such as rats, radar antennas are placed close to the target animal in general. Hafner et al [53], [54], for example, installed a radar antenna directly on a target fish (i.e., 𝑟 = 0); Lai et al [33] set 𝑟 = 0 and 𝑟 = 0.1 m for a cat; Hossain et al [36] set 𝑟 = 0.2 m for a broiler chicken; Huan et al [10], [12] and Anishchenko et al [6] both set 𝑟 = 0.3 m for a rat; Lin [17] and Yu et al [24] both set 𝑟 = 0.3 m for a rabbit; Tazen et al [32] set 𝑟 = 0.3 m for a dog; Matsui et al [18], [19] set 𝑟 = 0.4 m for a rabbit; Wang et al [55] set 𝑟 = 0.4 m for a fish; and Juan et al [13] set 𝑟 = 0.5 m for a rat in a box.…”