Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease

Castro, Alexandre A. de; Soares, Flávia V.; Pereira, Ander Francisco; Polisel, Daniel A.; Caetano, Melissa Soares; Leal, Daniel Henriques Soares; Cunha, Elaine F. F. da; Nepovimová, Eugenie; Kuča, Kamil

doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1608823

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…The lack of balance between the for-mation and removal of Aβ from brain tissue results in a situation that leads to toxic aggregation and production of senile plaques. This process promotes hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, thus resulting in destabilization of the cytoskeleton and degeneration of nerve cells (de Castro et al, 2019). It is noteworthy that not only plaque formation promotes hyperphosphorylation of tau, and this finding is supported by the fact that the neurofibrillary degeneration starts in the allocortex of the medial temporal lobe (entorhinal cortex and hippocampus), thus spreading to the associative isocortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Current anti-Alzheimer’s disease effect of natural products and their principal targets

Zhu,

Peng,

et al. 2019

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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Various bioactive substances isolated from natural products play a pivotal role in the prevention and cure of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there are many theories about the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review we discuss among them, the cholinergic hypotheses, the Aβ toxicity hypothesis, and the tau dysfunction hypothesis. Multiple potential targets are a focus for the development of anti-AD drugs. There is an urgent need to develop more effective therapies to treat and delay the onset of the disease and to find safe and effective drugs. In this review, the recent progress of anti-AD effects and their principal targets are updated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Current anti-Alzheimer’s disease effect of natural products and their principal targets

Zhu,

Peng,

et al. 2019

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…MB was also the first synthetic compound ever used as an antiseptic in clinical therapy and the first antiseptic die that was applied therapeutically [ 95 ]. Currently MB is FDA-approved for the treatment of methemoglobinemia and is also employed for a vast array of other clinical indications, such as ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy; as redox coloring agent in biochemical studies; as stain in neuroanatomy, in bacteriology and for the anatomical visualization of tissues during surgery; as well as a targeting agent for various types of cancer [ 95 , 96 , 97 ]. MB has been also known to have beneficial effect on cognitive disorders for more than a century, since its utilization as one of the first APIs to address psychosis [ 94 ].…”

Section: Use Of Chitosan Nanoparticles In the Treatment Of Alzheimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, MB has been suggested to slow down cognitive decline in AD patients as it demonstrated to inhibit the accumulation of Aβ deposits and neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins, to enhance tau degradation via autophagy and to decrease oxidative stress in vitro [ 96 , 98 , 99 ]. Certain neurotransmitter systems that are involved with the development of AD were also found to be influenced by MB, including cholinergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems [ 97 ]. In addition, MB was found to improve memory formation and cognitive function in rodents in vivo [ 100 , 101 ].…”

Section: Use Of Chitosan Nanoparticles In the Treatment Of Alzheimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 24 million people worldwide and represents an immense medical, social and economic burden. While a vast array of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is available for the prevention and possibly treatment of AD, applicability is limited by the selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as by their severe peripheral side effects. A promising solution to these problems is the incorporation of anti-Alzheimer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). However, while several polymeric NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible, many of them are not biodegradable and thus not appropriate for CNS-targeting. Among polymeric nanocarriers, chitosan-based NPs emerge as biodegradable yet stable vehicles for the delivery of CNS medications. Furthermore, due to their mucoadhesive character and intrinsic bioactivity, chitosan NPs can not only promote brain penetration of drugs via the olfactory route, but also act as anti-Alzheimer therapeutics themselves. Here we review how chitosan-based NPs could be used to address current challenges in the treatment of AD; with a specific focus on the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-Alzheimer drugs and on the reduction of their peripheral side effects.

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“…Deposits of Aβ may occur anywhere that APP, β-secretase (BACE-1) and γ-secretase are found. As said previously, this is widely considered a key pathological component in AD [1,5,35].…”

Section: Ad-related Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual and neurodegenerative disorder, being the most common cause of dementia [1]. This pathogenicity currently affects more than 44 million people around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer’s Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis

et al. 2019

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is usually accompanied by aging, increasingly being the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques (Aβ) resulting from impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, together with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers the process called oxidative stress, which increases neuronal cell abnormalities, most often followed by apoptosis, leading to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In this context, the development of new therapies for the AD treatment is necessary. Antioxidants, for instance, are promising species for prevention and treatment because they are capable of disrupting the radical chain reaction, reducing the production of ROS. These species have also proven to be adjunctive to conventional treatments making them more effective. In this sense, several recently published works have focused their attention on oxidative stress and antioxidant species. Therefore, this review seeks to show the most relevant findings of these studies.

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Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 243 publications

Current anti-Alzheimer’s disease effect of natural products and their principal targets

Current anti-Alzheimer’s disease effect of natural products and their principal targets

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer’s Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis

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