Non-Destructive Measurement of Quality Parameters of Apple Fruit by Using Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Regression Analysis

Abstract

The quality assessment and grading of agricultural products is one of the post-harvest activities that has received considerable attention due to the growing demand for healthy and better-quality products. Recently, various non-destructive methods have been used to evaluate the quality of agricultural products, which are very desirable and faster and more economical than destructive methods. Optical methods are one of the most important non-destructive methods that use the high speed of light detection and computer data processing and are able to evaluate the quality and classification of products with high accuracy. Among the optical methods, visible–near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy is considered one of the most accurate methods. In this research, Vis/NIR spectroscopy technology was used in the spectral range of 350–1150 nm for non-destructive detection of some quality parameters including pH, TA, SSC, and TP of two varieties of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples. Various pre-processing models were developed to predict the parameters, which brought the desired results with high accuracy so that pH prediction results were for yellow apples (RMSEC = 0.009, rc = 0.991, SDR = 2.51) and for red apples (RMSEC = 0.005, rc = 0.998, SDR = 2.56). The results for TA were also (RMSEC = 0.003, rc = 0.996, SDR = 2.51) for red apples and (RMSEC = 0.001, rc = 0.998, SDR = 2.81) for yellow apples. The results regarding SSC were for red apples (RMSEC = 0.209, rc = 0.990 and SDR = 2.82) and for yellow apples (RMSEC = 0.054, SDR = 2.67 and rc = 0.999). In addition, regarding TP, the results were for red apples (RMSEC = 0.2, rc = 0.989, SDR = 2.05) and for yellow apples (RMSEC = 1.457, rc = 0.998, SDR = 1.61). The obtained results indicate the detection of the mentioned parameters with high accuracy by visible/infrared spectroscopic technology.

Analyzing the Quality Parameters of Apples by Spectroscopy from Vis/NIR to NIR Region: A Comprehensive Review

“…This study provided a promising reference for reinforcing the online determination of apple acidity. On the other hand, Hasanzadeh et al examined various pre-processing procedures suiting the modeling of TA, alongside pH, SSC, and TP parameters using Vis/NIR spectroscopy applied to Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples (Figure 9) [199].…”

Quality Information Detection of Agaricus bisporus Based on a Portable Spectrum Acquisition Device

“…x 10 = X 10 X 10 +Y 10 +Z 10 y 10 = Y 10 X 10 +Y 10 +Z 10 (8) where X 10 , Y 10 and Z 10 refer to the tristimulus value under the CIE-XYZ system.…”

“…Visible/near infrared spectroscopy is an accurate, rapid and nondestructive method for the analysis of chemical compounds. In recent years, spectral detection technology has been widely used in crop quality, fruit quality, food quality and safety detection [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. To date, some scholars have used spectral detection technology for chemical composition analysis and quality detection of edible fungi.…”

A Method for Obtaining Optical Properties of Two-Layer Tissue such as Thin-Skinned Fruits by Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging

“…The previous literature [17] gave a one-dimensional solution of the DAE for a homogeneous semi-infinite medium that was under structured illumination with the incident light power P 0 . Firstly, through the derivation of the planar photon density wave reflectance [18], the extended source S(z) in the surface of medium can be modeled as Equation (2).…”

“…The reduced scattering coefficient (µ s ) and the absorption coefficient (µ a ) are two mainly involved parameters [1]. This provides a new path for fruit quality detection to promote the sustainable development of the fruit industry, such as apple quality parameters measurements [2], fruits' subsurface bruises detection [3], peaches' multiple-quality attributes assessment [4], etc. In recent years, spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has been noticed by a large number of researchers due to its fast imaging, wide field of view and no contact characteristics.…”