Non-Destructive Quality-Detection Techniques for Cereal Grains: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Grain quality involves the appearance, nutritional, and safety attributes of grains. With the improvement of people’s living standards, problems pertaining to the quality of grains have received greater attention. Modern quality detection techniques feature unique advantages including rapidness, non-destructiveness, accuracy, and efficiency in detecting grain quality. This review summarizes research progress of these techniques in detection of quality indices of grains. Particularly, the review focuses on detection techniques based on physical properties including acoustic, optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, and those simulating sensory analysis such as electronic noses, electronic tongues, and electronic eyes. According to the current technological development and application, the challenges and prospects of these techniques are demonstrated.

Precision Operation Technology and Intelligent Equipment in Farmland

“…Suitable for precise cultivation, planting, management, harvesting, and other operations, "crop-soil-agricultural machinery" system interaction mechanisms and corrective model research, as well as interactions with the seeds, fertilizer, water, chemicals, precise control of the soil, crops, and weeds, and agricultural information-sensing methods and equipment breakthroughs [87,88], we can conclude that this will improve the productivity of fertilizers and chemicals, significantly increasing crop productivity, while reducing labor costs and protecting the farmland environment. However, some of these research results require further elucidation and analysis; future research should investigate the instability of detection models against complex backgrounds [52], the high cost of making the sensing equipment [27], etc.…”

“…Consumers are increasingly paying attention to the quality and safety of grains, which are a necessity for human life [22][23][24][25][26]. The review articles [27] discussed the application and prospect of different sensing mechanisms, such as acoustics and optics, and sensing equipment used in grain quality detection. Current methods and products that have been able to realize high-precision detection for different grain quality indicators have been summarized.…”

Analysis of Wheat Grain Infection by Fusarium Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi Using an Electronic Nose, GC-MS, and qPCR

“…Modern techniques are based on physical properties, including acoustic, optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical. In particular, high-throughput sensory analyzers, such as electronic noses, tongues, or eyes, have unique advantages such as speed, indestructibility, accuracy, and efficiency [ 17 ]. The identification of fungal species by electronic noses has been demonstrated by Mota et al [ 18 ].…”

Spectroscopy, a Tool for the Non-Destructive Sensory Analysis of Plant-Based Foods and Beverages: A Comprehensive Review

“…If the value of conventional analytical techniques is unquestionable for a product's chemical and physical characterization, the outcomes of these techniques must be correlated with sensory analysis. The knowledge of the perceived sensory characteristics of a product is a piece of useful information for the improvement of products or for novel product development [22]. The recent technological improvements allow researchers to perform multi-parametric non-targeted analysis.…”