Non-diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND): enterovirus association with the symptoms in children

Rao, D. Narayana; Maiya, P. P.; Babu, Maya A.

doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000011

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The significant association of enterovirus infection with gastrointestinal disease has been reported in a number of previous studies ( Patil, Chitambar & Gopalkrishna, 2015 ; Rao et al, 2013 ; Rao, Maiya & Babu, 2014 ; Rao et al, 2014 ). The non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) infections were associated with acute and persistent diarrhea (18–21% of diarrheal cases) ( Rao et al, 2013 ; Rao, Maiya & Babu, 2014 ) as well as increased frequency of bowel movements (approximately 29%) ( Rao et al, 2014 ). Another study also revealed the evidence of some enterovirus strains induced severe diarhea in mouse model ( Rao et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018

Rojjanadumrongkul

Khamrin

Ukarapol

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Infection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis. Methods A total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5′ untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Results EV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected. Conclusion This study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018

Rojjanadumrongkul

Khamrin

Ukarapol

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…Acute asymptomatic episodes (36.5%) appeared to be greater than symptomatic episodes (30.0%). By contrast, more persistent infection episodes were symptomatic (20.0%) than asymptomatic (13.5%) 22,71 . Among the symptomatic acute episodes, AD represented about 12.0% and persistent diarrhoeal episodes accounted for approximately 6.0% of the symptomatic persistent episodes.…”

Section: Enterovirus Infections Are Associated With Acute and Persistmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These detailed studies further revealed that every child had at least one or more episode of EV infection and that EVs are a major cause of AD and PD in children 21,22 . Another surprising finding of the follow‐up study was the association of EV infections with gastrointestinal symptoms termed as acute and persistent non‐diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM‐ND) 71 . EVs as diarrhoea causing agents were further demonstrated in a newborn mouse model system by oral inoculation of purified viruses, thus validating Koch's postulates for association of EVs with gastrointestinal disease 72 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To understand the role of EVs in diarrhoea in infants and young children, we carried out a 5‐year systematic analysis of samples from children reporting to hospitals and clinics with AD to identify EVs 21 . To further evaluate the frequency of enteroviral infections and their association with AD and persistent diarrhoea (PD) and other possible gastrointestinal symptoms in the community, a follow‐up study on a cohort of children from birth to 2 years of age was conducted 22,71 . Surprisingly, these studies revealed a significant association of EVs not only with AD but also with majority of persistent diarrhoeal episodes that extended from 2 weeks to a few months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteroviruses in gastrointestinal diseases

Rao

2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhoea constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children especially in developing countries. Worldwide deaths among all ages due to diarrhoea during 2015 were estimated to be about 1.31 million, diarrhoeal deaths in children below 5 years of age being 499 000. Rotavirus accounted for about 200 000 deaths. Although diarrhoeal deaths decreased significantly during the last two decades, they still represent the third largest cause of infantile deaths. Several bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal and non‐infectious diarrhoea causing agents have been identified, but 30% to 40% of diarrhoeal cases remain undiagnosed. Enteroviruses transmit by the faecal‐oral route and replicate first in intestinal cells before spreading to the target organ. They have been associated with diarrhoea in a few studies, but their causative role in diarrhoea in humans has not been systematically demonstrated. In view of the recent demonstration that enteroviruses cause diarrhoea in newborn mice pups, thus validating Koch's postulates, the purpose of this review is to emphasise the importance of recognising enteroviruses as major gastrointestinal pathogens associated with acute and persistent diarrhoea and non‐diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements in infants, young children and adults. Our studies and several other subsequent studies reported from different countries should stimulate strategies to reduce the burden of infantile gastrointestinal disease, which has hitherto remained unaddressed.

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“…In a variety of gastrointestinal hormones, vasoactive intestinal peptide in gastrointestinal hormones is associated with the pathways described below. In general, vasoactive intestinal peptide is synthesized under the activation of serotonin receptors on intrinsic primary afferent nerves that compose the myenteric plexus [29], which can cause diarrhea through up-regulated cAMP [30]. Interestingly, as shown in Figure 6, recent studies have reported that serotonin homeostasis can be destroyed by RV infection [31,32].…”

Section: E Impact Of Hormone Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology‐Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for Rotavirus Enteritis

Zhong

Song

Gao

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GGQLD) is an effective formula treatment for rotavirus enteritis (RVE), which has been applied for 1900 years. It consists of 4 herbal medicines corresponding to the four roles “monarch, minister, assistant, and guide,” which is the basic rule of prescription composition in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanism on RVE have not been fully investigated. Materials and Methods. In this study, a network pharmacology-based strategy was used to elucidate the mechanism of GGQLD for the treatment of RVE. Oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were taken as the judgment criteria to search the active ingredients of GGQLD in traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). The affinity between protein and ingredients was further determined using the similarity ensemble approach to find the corresponding targets. According to the genes related to enteritis in GeneCards database, the key targets were screened by intersections between drug and disease targets. And the therapeutic mechanism was predicted using the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), the Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, which was verified by detecting calcium ion concentration with the fluorescent probe. Result. 130 active ingredients were screened from GGQLD, including (R)-canadine, moupinamide, formononetin, and other flavonoids. They act on a total of 366 targets, which is mainly distributed in the biological process of hormone binding or signaling pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, and calcium signaling pathway. Furthermore, serotonin receptors, adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors, and dopamine receptors in the enteric nervous system may be the key targets of RVE treatment by GGQLD. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the potential mechanism that GGQLD can effectively improve the symptoms of RVE may depend on the regulation of calcium ions, serotonin, and gastrointestinal hormone ion that could mutually affect the intestinal nervous system.

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Non-diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND): enterovirus association with the symptoms in children

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018

Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018

Enteroviruses in gastrointestinal diseases

Network Pharmacology‐Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for Rotavirus Enteritis

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