Non-dimensional analysis of PEM fuel cell phenomena by means of AC impedance measurements

Iranzo, Alfredo; Muñoz, Miguel; Lucena, Francisco Javier Pino; Rosa, Felipe

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.004

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The Equation (4.13) predicts that the diameter is independent of the current density or gas diffusivity. The measured Nyquist plots reported in literature show that the diameter of this arc remains unchanged in different current densities [15,20,46,112,114,[183][184][185][186][187][188]190], temperatures [189], torques [66,112], humidification levels [20,189], cathode gas concentrations [34,184], flooding or dehydration conditions [24,91,106,182], starvation [189] and break-in process [112]. The impedance measurements presented in Section 4.3 also show that this arc remains unchanged in different operating temperatures, current densities and anode and cathode relative humidities.…”

Section: High Frequency Arcmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The measured Nyquist plots of the PEM fuel cells in different operating conditions reported in literature include one arc [112,182], two distinguishable arcs [20,24,34,66,91,112,[183][184][185][186][187][188][189], or three clearly distinguishable arcs [15,20,46,114,190]. If the time constants of two adjacent arcs are close, they become convoluted and make one arc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process modeling of the impedance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Niya

Phillips

Hoorfar

2016

Electrochimica Acta

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The impedance characteristics of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are studied and analyzed in this thesis. The modeling approaches presented in literature are thoroughly reviewed and categorized as the measurement-modeling and process-modeling approaches. In the former category, a hypothetical equivalent circuit which has the impedance characteristics similar to measured impedances is presented. Since the equivalent circuit is not directly resulted from the physical and chemical properties of the PEM fuel cells, the majority of the measurementmodeling approaches lead to dubious conclusions. In the process-modeling approach, on the other hand, the governing equations of the fuel cell must analytically be solved to determine and the impedance. However, a few process-modeling approaches presented in literature have shown to be indirectly based on the same assumptions as the measurement-modeling approach, and hence, those can also lead to similar conclusions. Therefore, these process-modeling approaches are referred to as the semi-process models here.In this thesis, the first complete process model for PEM fuel cells is presented which is not based on the above-mentioned assumptions. For each source of the losses in the fuel cell (i.e., the ohmic, activation and concentration overpotentials), a process model and equivalent circuit are obtained and compared against the impedance measurements reported in literature. The complete model (obtained by combining the models of the three losses) is then verified against the impedances measured in different operating conditions. Using the verified model, the measured Nyquist plots of the PEM fuel cells reported in literature are categorized. As a result, the dominant physical and chemical parameters controlling various arcs of the Nyquist plot are determined. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the impedance characteristics of fuel cells is conducted using the verified model. As a result of this analysis, a minimum change in the operating conditions which results in statistically different Nyquist plots are determined.Finally, as an application of the model presented here, the impedance of the cell in the anode and cathode starvation modes are studied. It is shown that the anode starvation cannot be recognized from the impedance measurements, as predicted by the model. iii Preface This research was conducted in the Advanced Thermo-Fluidic Laboratory (ATFL) at University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, under supervision of Dr. Mina Hoorfar. The results of this research have been published in several peer-reviewed journal articles and conference proceedings. Chapter 1 includes the discussions published as a review journal article (S.M. Rezaei Niya, M. Hoorfar (2013) 'Study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique -A review ', Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 240, and also a journal article discussing the details of the process modeling approach (S.M. Rezaei Niya, M.Hoorfar (2015) 'Measurement, semi-process and pr...

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Section: High Frequency Arcmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process modeling of the impedance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Niya

Phillips

Hoorfar

2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Wang (Wang, 2004) compares the timescales for the different phenomena: the time constant for the electrochemical reaction is known to be typically in the range of micro-and milliseconds. Electrochemical reaction timescales can also be determined experimentally (Iranzo et al, 2011b). The time constant for the transport of the reactant gas through the GDL is estimated by its diffusion time:…”

Section: Transient Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Flow in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Iranzo¹,

Salva²,

Rosa³

2012

Fluid Dynamics, Computational Modeling and Applications

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“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical method widely used nowadays to study electrochemical systems 1–3. It has been applied in a broad range of application fields 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current days, EIS is considered as one of the quintessential diagnostic and research tools in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) field 3. This is due to the fact that this electrochemical method allows determining the different resistances that arise in a PEMFC, related to different electrochemical and transport processes 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Perturbation Amplitude for Impedance Measurements in a Commercial PEM Fuel Cell Using Total Harmonic Distortion

2016

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Abstract:One of the most important measurement parameters in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is the perturbation amplitude. The optimum perturbation amplitude value corresponds with a balance between the signal-to-noise ratio improvement and the reduction of the harmonic generation due to nonlinear effects: Therefore, the optimum perturbation amplitude is the maximum amplitude that ensures a linear response of the system. Two strategies were considered in this work: a constant amplitude strategy and a frequency dependent amplitude strategy. On the one hand, for the constant amplitude strategy, the optimum perturbation amplitude for EIS measurements of an individual cell of a commercial PEM fuel cell stack was determined. In order to fulfill this aim, the impedance spectra (at different DC currents) of the individual cell of the commercial PEM fuel cell stack were measured using different perturbation amplitudes. The total harmonic distortion of the recorded voltage signal was determined in each case, applying a FFT based method. The optimum amplitude for each DC current corresponds to the amplitude that minimizes the critical total harmonic distortion value. On the other hand, for the frequency dependent amplitude strategy, the optimum amplitude at each frequency for EIS measurements of an individual cell of a commercial PEM fuel cell stack was determined.

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Non-dimensional analysis of PEM fuel cell phenomena by means of AC impedance measurements

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Process modeling of the impedance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Process modeling of the impedance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Fluid Flow in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Optimization of the Perturbation Amplitude for Impedance Measurements in a Commercial PEM Fuel Cell Using Total Harmonic Distortion

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