Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: How Much Do We Really Know?

Cheung, Alison; Shah, Sidrah; Parker, Jack Steven; Soor, Pavandeep; Limbu, Anu; Sheriff, Matin; Boussios, Stergios

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031106

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The preoperative diagnosis of OMMMT is difficult because it does not have specific tumor markers and imaging features. Some diagnostic work-up methods including pelvic ultrasound, abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT), chest X-ray and positron emission tomography (PET) scans are still necessary for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer [ 28 ]. Although the images features are not sufficient for diagnosis, the detailed clinical and imaging features may be helpful to improve the familiarity of this rare tumor [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical characteristics and treatment of ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor: a systematic review

Wang

Yao

et al. 2022

J Ovarian Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor (OMMMT) is a rare clinical entity. To provide reference for the treatment and prognosis of OMMMT, we analyzed the clinical features, pathology and molecular biology characteristic of published cases. Methods The English and Chinese reported cases of OMMMT were selected from PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov and CNKI database from 2000 to December 15th, 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Results A total of 63 literatures including 199 OMMMT cases were included. The average age of patients at diagnosis was 56.46 years, the highest incidence age was 60-65 years, and 82% of them were menopausal women. Most patients were diagnosed in FIGO III stage (59.64%). The most common symptom of OMMMT was abdominal pain (60.5%). 61.6% of patients were accompanied by ascites, while ascites was not associated with metastatic tumor and local recurrence. The CA125 of 88.68% patients increased. The most common reported carcinomatous component and sarcomatous component were serous adenocarcinoma (44.96%) and chondrosarcoma (24.81%), respectively. Initial treatment included surgery (94.97%) and taxanes-based (55.10%) or platinum-based (85.71%) chemotherapy regimens. The median survival time of patients was 20 months. Heterologous sarcoma component did not shorten life expectancy. The optimal ovarian tumor cell debulking surgery (OOTCDS), radiotherapy and chemotherapy could significantly prolong the median survival time of patients. Furthermore, platinum drugs could significantly prolong the survival time after comparing various chemotherapy schemes. Besides, the combination of platinum and taxanes was therapeutically superior to the combination of platinum and biological alkylating agents. Conclusion The OOTCDS and platinum-based chemotherapy regimen can improve the prognosis of OMMMT. Targeted therapy might become a new research direction in the future. Since the elderly patients are the majority, the toxicity of new drugs on the elderly patients is more noteworthy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13048-022-01037-6.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical characteristics and treatment of ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor: a systematic review

Wang

Yao

et al. 2022

J Ovarian Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, in terms of the non-EOC, a subset of germ-cell tumours can acquire KRAS -activating mutations and other genetic alterations, such as BRCA1/2 , KIT , and MAPK . However, the efficacy of targeted therapy and genomic features contributing to chemoresistance still remain to be elucidated [ 74 ]. Similarly, even though the rate of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in ovarian carcinosarcomas is difficult to be determined, the genomic sequencing in some studies has demonstrated loss of function mutations in HR genes.…”

Section: Susceptibility To Eocmentioning

confidence: 99%

BRCA Mutations in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer: Bench to Bedside

Boussios

Rassy

Moschetta

et al. 2022

Cancers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DNA damage repair (DDR) defects are common in different cancer types, and these alterations can be exploited therapeutically. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is among the tumours with the highest percentage of hereditary cases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs) were the first to be associated with EOC, whereas additional genes comprising the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been discovered with DNA sequencing technologies. The incidence of DDR alterations among patients with metastatic prostate cancer is much higher compared to those with localized disease. Genetic testing is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with ovarian and prostate cancer. The development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offers a therapeutic strategy for patients with EOC. One of the mechanisms of PARP inhibitors exploits the concept of synthetic lethality. Tumours with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are highly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, the synthetic lethal interaction may be exploited beyond germline BRCA mutations in the context of HR deficiency, and this is an area of ongoing research. PARP inhibitors are in advanced stages of development as a treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there is a major concern regarding the need to identify reliable biomarkers predictive of treatment response. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of DDR, the potential for genomic analysis of ovarian and prostate cancer, and therapeutics of PARP inhibitors, along with predictive biomarkers.

show abstract

“…In contrast, low-grade serous tumours are characterised by KRAS, BRAF, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, ARID1A, and PPP2R1A mutations and progress according to the type I pathway [9]. Beyond EOC, there are also non-epithelial counterparts that are further divided into germ cell (5%) and sex-cord stromal cell (5%) ovarian cancers [10][11][12]. Ovarian 2 of 14 carcinosarcoma is even rarer; it is a biphasic, but challenging histologic subtype, accounting for only 1-4% of all ovarian cancers [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Providing Evidence of Predisposition Genes

Shah

Cheung

Kutka

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the cancers most influenced by hereditary factors. A fourth to a fifth of unselected EOC patients carry pathogenic variants (PVs) in a number of genes, the majority of which encode for proteins involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. PVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are responsible for a substantial fraction of hereditary EOC. In addition, PV genes involved in the MMR pathway account for 10–15% of hereditary EOC. The identification of women with homologous recombination (HR)-deficient EOCs has significant clinical implications, concerning chemotherapy regimen planning and development as well as the use of targeted therapies such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. With several genes involved, the complexity of genetic testing increases. In this context, next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows testing for multiple genes simultaneously with a rapid turnaround time. In this review, we discuss the EOC risk assessment in the era of NGS.

show abstract

Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: How Much Do We Really Know?

Cited by 58 publications

References 97 publications

The clinical characteristics and treatment of ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor: a systematic review

The clinical characteristics and treatment of ovarian malignant mesoderm mixed tumor: a systematic review

BRCA Mutations in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer: Bench to Bedside

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Providing Evidence of Predisposition Genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About