Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland

Wang, Yonghui; Liu, Huiying; Chung, Haegeun; Yu, Lingfei; Mi, Zhaorong; Geng, Yan; Jing, Xin; Wang, Shiping; Zeng, Hui; Cao, Guangmin; Zhao, Xinquan; He, Jin‐Sheng

doi:10.1002/2013gb004760

Cited by 97 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The striking results in Figures 3 and 5 showed a large increase in R s as the soil warmed to and increased above 0˝C, with higher temperature sensitivity during freeze-thaw than frozen periods (Figure 3). This is in agreement with a previous study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showing higher Q 10 (5.7-9.4) during the initial thaw and freeze period than winter Q 10 (2.68-2.97) [24]. The diurnal patterns also showed increased R s (the maximum value) in freeze-thaw cycles than in the fully frozen period.…”

Section: Effects Of Freeze-thaw Cycles On R Ssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Diurnal Freeze-Thaw Cycles Modify Winter Soil Respiration in a Desert Shrub-Land Ecosystem

Liu

Zha

Jia

et al. 2016

Forests

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Abstract:Winter soil respiration (R s ) is becoming a significant component of annual carbon budgets with more warming in winter than summer. However, little is known about the controlling mechanisms of winter R s in dryland. We made continuous measurements of R s in four microsites (non-crust (BS), lichen (LC), moss (MC), and a mixture of moss and lichen (ML)) in a desert shrub-land ecosystem northern China, to investigate the causes of R s dynamics in winter. The mean winter R s ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 µmol CO 2 m´2¨s´1 across microsites, with the highest value in BS. Winter Q 10 (known as the increase in respiration rate per 10˝C increase in temperature) values (2.8-19) were much higher than those from the growing season (1.5). R s and Q 10 were greatly enhanced in freeze-thaw cycles compared to frozen days. Diurnal patterns of R s between freeze-thaw and frozen days differed. Although the freeze-thaw period was relatively short, its cumulative R s contributed significantly to winter R s . The presence of biocrust might induce lower temperature, thus having fewer freeze-thaw cycles relative to bare soil, leading to the lower R s for microsites with biocrusts. In conclusion, winter R s in drylands was sensitive to soil temperature (T s ) and T s -induced freeze-thaw cycles. The temperature impact on R s varied among soil cover types. Winter R s in drylands may become more important as the climate is continuously getting warmer.

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Section: Effects Of Freeze-thaw Cycles On R Ssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The CO 2 emission under laboratory conditions of frozen soils from northern regions has been found to remain positive and measurable at´16˝C [26]. Winter CO 2 production has also been observed in field studies [24]. But the mechanism for soil CO 2 efflux in the cold season (winter) is not absolutely clear.…”

Section: Effects Of Freeze-thaw Cycles On R Smentioning

confidence: 94%

Diurnal Freeze-Thaw Cycles Modify Winter Soil Respiration in a Desert Shrub-Land Ecosystem

Liu

Zha

Jia

et al. 2016

Forests

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“…The dominant plant species at the site were Kobresia humilis, Stipa alinea, Festuca ovina, Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, Carex scabrirostris, Tibetia himalaica, Melilotoides archiducis‐nicolai, Gentiana straminea, Gentiana lawrencei, Leontop odiumnanum, Potentilla nivea, Saussurea superba, Aster diplostephioides and Dasiphora fruticosa . For more details on the experimental site see (Wang, Liu, et al., ; Zhao & Zhou, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covering an area of 2.5 million km 2 with an average altitude >4000 m a.s.l., it is characterized by cold temperatures and a short growing season (He et al., ). Thus, alpine vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to temperature changes (Wang, Liu, et al., ; Wang, Wang, et al., ). Spring phenological changes on the Tibetan Plateau have been assessed using remote sensing and the results from these studies have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric winter warming advanced plant phenology to a greater extent than symmetric warming in an alpine meadow

et al. 2017

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The warming of terrestrial high‐latitude ecosystems, while increasing, will likely be asymmetric across seasons—where winter non‐growing seasons will warm more than summer‐growing seasons. Asymmetric winter warming in temperature‐sensitive ecosystems may delay spring phenological events by reducing the opportunity that a plants’ chilling requirement is met. Similarly, symmetric warming can advance spring phenology. To explore the impact of asymmetric warming on plant phenology, we applied a year‐round warming and a winter warming treatment to our experimental plots. Over a 2‐year period, we monitored leaf‐out and flowering phenology for 11 plant species. There was variation among species, however, both winter and year‐round warming, advanced the leaf‐out day and the first flowering day relative to the control treatment. Winter warming advanced leaf‐out and flowering phenology by 11.1 (±2.4) and 12.6 (±2.9) days respectively. However, year‐round warming had less of an impact advancing leaf‐out and flowering phenology by 5.1 (±2.1) and 10.0 (±3.0) days respectively. Our study provides direct evidence that asymmetric winter warming has a larger impact on plant phenology than symmetric year‐round warming. Increasing soil temperature in the winter from below to above freezing temperatures advanced the spring phenology of alpine plants. Winter warming increased soil temperature more than year‐round warming, which explains why phenology advanced under winter warming more than under year‐round warming. In addition, early or mid‐season flowering plant species displayed different phenology strategies in warmer winters. Relative to other ecosystems, alpine ecosystems such as the Tibetan Plateau will likely respond to asymmetric warming given the higher amplitude of winter temperature increases due to climatic warming. Our data indicate that seasonal variation in warming should be considered when predicting and modelling the response of alpine ecosystems to climatic change. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12909/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…Vegetation map of the Tibetan Plateau [ Editorial Board of Vegetation Map of China , ] and locations of sampling sites in our and other studies. Filled squares denote sites at which soil respiration was measured using the chamber method for different land cover: alpine meadows [ Cao et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Wang et al , ; Zhang et al , ; Li and Sun , ; Geng et al , ; Wang and Wu , ; Wang et al , ; Zong et al , ; Li et al , ], alpine steppes [ Zhang et al , ; Geng et al , ; Wei et al , ; Lu et al , ; Li et al , ], alpine forests [ Xu et al , ; Chen et al , ], and alpine deserts [ Li et al , ]. Filled circles indicate sites at which soil respiration was inferred from 14 C measurements in this study and others [ Wang et al , ; Tao et al , ].…”

Section: Study Area and Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth heterogeneity of soil organic carbon dynamics in a heavily grazed alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: A radiocarbon-based approach

Cheng

et al. 2017

J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci.

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A deep understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for predicting the response of the alpine carbon pool to future climate changes. Here we present information about SOC stocks and turnover time in a heavily grazed alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau based on radiocarbon (14C) measurements and inverse modeling. Our results reveal that the alpine meadow soil is composed of three distinct carbon pools. The topsoil represents the active carbon pool, which has a carbon inventory‐weighted mean turnover time of 64 years. The CO2 efflux due to the mineral soil respiration from this pool is approximately 48.45 g C m−2 yr−1, accounting for 91% of the total heterotrophic soil respiration. The intermediate carbon pool has an inventory‐weighted mean turnover time of 780 years, and the rate of mineral soil respiration in this pool is an order of magnitude lower than that in the active carbon pool. The parental materials feature the passive carbon pool, which has millennia‐long turnover time and the mineral soil respiration is trivial. Comparing our results with other 14C‐based studies suggests that grazing intensity may alter not only the SOC stocks but also the soil respiration rate in the alpine grassland ecosystem. The heavily grazed alpine meadow broadly fits the exponential relationship between turnover time and mean annual air temperature identified by meta‐analysis of published data from the Tibetan Plateau, alpine grassland, and forest sites elsewhere.

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Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland

Cited by 97 publications

References 117 publications

Diurnal Freeze-Thaw Cycles Modify Winter Soil Respiration in a Desert Shrub-Land Ecosystem

Diurnal Freeze-Thaw Cycles Modify Winter Soil Respiration in a Desert Shrub-Land Ecosystem

Asymmetric winter warming advanced plant phenology to a greater extent than symmetric warming in an alpine meadow

Depth heterogeneity of soil organic carbon dynamics in a heavily grazed alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: A radiocarbon-based approach

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