Non-humidified fuel cells using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the electrolyte within a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM): the effect of water and counterions

Karimi, Mohammad Bagher; Mohammadi, Fereidoon; Hooshyari, Khadijeh

doi:10.1039/c9cp06207f

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We suggest that the enhancements of the tensile strength and Young's modulus and the reduction of fracture strain for DES-gels may relate to the growing viscosity when more salts are introduced (Figure 1b) [31]. Additionally, previous researches demonstrated that the viscosity of DES increases with decreasing temperature [32]. Thus, the mechanical properties of DES-gels may be also affected by temperature.…”

Section: Des-gels Synthesis and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ionic conductive gels based on deep eutectic solvents

Liu

et al. 2021

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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Ionic conductive gels are promising soft conductors for stretchable and flexible electronics. Unfortunately, the basic requirements for an ideal ionic conductive gel, including environmental and chemical stability as well as low toxicity and low cost do not usually coincide in one material. Here we report an ionic conductive gel containing deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are specialized ionic liquids composed of propylene glycol (PG, hydrogen bonding donor) and various salts. In experiments, the DES-gel loses about 10% of the original weight in dry air (5-9% relative humidity) for 7 days and its conductivity remains unaltered. Comparing to regular salt-containing hydrogels, it exhibits exceptional resistance to metal corrosion. We demonstrate the advantage of DES-gels as the ionic electrode in a flexible and stretchable electroluminescent device, especially in cold environment (−20°C). Through this study, we discover a new candidate for cheap and safe soft ionic conductors with excellent environmental and chemical stability.

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Section: Des-gels Synthesis and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Ionic conductive gels based on deep eutectic solvents

Liu

et al. 2021

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…DES composed of sodium salts (NaCl, sodium bromide NaBr, sodium iodide NaI, sodium nitrate NaNO3) as the HBA with EG or NMAA as the HBD were introduced and preliminarily suggested for application in supercapacitors and fuel cells. 98,[183][184][185] For the systems based on sodium halides, density and viscosity were in the ranges 1.12-1.50 g•cm −3 and 7.35-81.23 mPa•s in the temperature interval 20-60 °C, and increased in the order NaCl < NaBr < NaI (note however that different molar ratio were used for the three DESs, 1:16, 1:6 and 1:4 for NaCl, NaBr and NaI, respectively) (Table 4). 184 For the same salt, e.g.…”

Section: Type IV Dess Composed Of Sodium/potassium Salts and Hbdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance the addition of 15 wt% water in NaBr:EG at molar ratio 1:10 caused about a 173% drop in DES viscosity at 20 °C compared to the pristine DES, while the presence of 5, 10 and 15 wt% water increased the proton conductivity at 100 °C up to 17%, 31% and 36%, respectively. 185 As far as potassium is concerned, potassium carbonate K2CO3 was used in combination to G and EG. 186 Gbased DESs showed very high viscosities, with values of 28, 18 and 5.5 Pa s at molar ratio 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 (Table 4).…”

Section: Type IV Dess Composed Of Sodium/potassium Salts and Hbdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep eutectics and analogues as electrolytes in batteries

Pietro

Mele

2021

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Deep eutectic Solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of materials showing a marked depression in melting points compared to those of the neat constituents and characterized by a number of beneficial properties. DES research currently prospers and out of the multiple current applications, the electrochemistry field is likely the most flourishing. This detailed review emphasizes recent research efforts in order to apply type III and type IV DESs and their analogues as electrolytes for rechargeable cationic batteries. The recent developments in the last decade are outlined, framing outstanding achievements and open questions, and identifying future optimisation directions to overcome the existing challenges.

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“…Given the current environmental challenges associated with fossil fuels, fuel cell technology has been introduced as a promising, cleaner, high energy density, and more efficient power generation system [2,8,9]. The first fuel cell to operate with hydrogen and oxygen was developed about 150 years ago by Sir William Grove and was then further studied by developing many other sorts of fuel cells within the 19th century [8,10]. Lately, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy, were predominantly developed as the most common commercial fuel cell [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges, and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. In addition, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review highlights the important outcomes found in the recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper are as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes and (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.

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Non-humidified fuel cells using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the electrolyte within a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM): the effect of water and counterions

Abstract: In this research, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and employed as electrolyte in Nafion membranes for PEM fuel cell application.

Cited by 34 publications

References 55 publications

Ionic conductive gels based on deep eutectic solvents

Ionic conductive gels based on deep eutectic solvents

Deep eutectics and analogues as electrolytes in batteries

A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells

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