Non-hypotensive dose of telmisartan and nimodipine produced synergistic neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemic model by attenuating brain cytokine levels

Justin, Antony; Sathishkumar, M.; Sudheer, Adluri Ram; Shanthakumari, S; Ramanathan, Meena

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.009

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The methodology of the 19 animal studies varied widely in the selection of animals and drugs used, length of treatment times, and outcomes. Animal models ranged from mouse models using wild-type mice [ 13 , 23 ], aged Swiss mice [ 31 ], wild-type mice treated with icv amyloid beta 25–35 to be used as an AD mouse model [ 27 ], and transgenic (Tg) AD mice alone [ 17 , 19 , 21 , 29 , 30 ], to rat models such as Wistar [ 18 , 20 ], Sprague-Dawley [ 16 , 22 ], or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [ 14 , 15 , 24 , 26 , 28 ]. Regarding AHM used, 17 of the 19 studies used CCB, ACE-I, or ARB alone or in combination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercially available ACE-Is used were captopril [ 17 , 18 , 29 ], enalapril [ 27 ], imidapril [ 27 ], lisinopril [ 14 ], perindopril [ 26 , 27 ], and trandolapril [ 19 ]. ARBs used included losartan [ 18 , 19 , 25 ], olmesartan [ 24 ], telmisartan [ 15 , 22 , 28 ], and valsartan [ 14 ]. The renin inhibitor aliskiren was used in one study [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Antihypertensive Medications and Cognitive Impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and Animal Studies

et al. 2016

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Purpose of ReviewThere is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHM) and dementia risk are less clear. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in expanding publications; however, none of the recent reviews provide comprehensive review. Our extensive review includes 24 mechanistic animal and human studies published over the last 5 years assessing relationship between AHM and cognitive function.Recent FindingsAll classes of AHM showed similar result patterns in animal studies. The mechanism by which AHM exert their effect was extensively studied by evaluating well-established pathways of AD disease process, including amyloid beta (Aβ), vascular, oxidative stress and inflammation pathways, but only few studies evaluated the blood pressure lowering effect on the AD disease process.SummaryMethodological limitations of the studies prevent comprehensive conclusions prior to further work evaluating AHM in animals and larger human observational studies, and selecting those with promising results for future RCTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Antihypertensive Medications and Cognitive Impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and Animal Studies

et al. 2016

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“…A definite involvement of PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor) γ has been unveiled. 20 Normal Saline Ramipril Losartan the mice, an effect which was offset by co-administration of the PPAR γ antagonist GW-9662. Higher doses (with or without the antagonist) caused worsening of the same parameters, due to reduced perfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of effects of inhibition of the renin angiotensin system on memory in rats

Kulkarni

Pandit

Bhave

2018

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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INTRODUCTIONThe Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular function and development of cardiovascular-related diseases. Although it is best established for its role in the control of blood pressure and management of heart failure, evidence obtained from animal experiments and clinical trials suggests that it is involved in complex brain functions. A complete renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exists in the brain, which is distinctly separated from the peripheral system and comprises all necessary precursors and enzymes required for the formation and metabolism of the biologically active forms of angiotensin. Independent from the circulating system, angiotensin (ANG) II is produced locally within the brain and has been implicated in cardiovascular regulation and a variety of other physiological functions.Basic experiments suggest a role of brain angiotensin II in neural injury, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function and that RAS blockade attenuates cognitive impairment in rodents' dementia models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ABSTRACT Background:The existence of an independent renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been well-established and is known to modulate various pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neural injury, in addition to the RAAS in the cardiovascular system. Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 study groups (n=6; Losartan, Ramipril, Normal Saline), trained on the Cook's Pole climbing apparatus till the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) rate was 100%. The retention of CAR was tested each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The number of times that the animal successfully avoided the shock, and the time taken for this avoidance were measured and compared with placebo (Normal Saline). The values have been expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). A p-value of less than 0.05 has been considered as significant. Results: The retention of the conditioned avoidance response in the group receiving study drugs was significantly more than the placebo group. However, there was no show significant difference between Losartan and Ramipril in the rate of retention, or the time taken for avoidance. Conclusions: In this study, Ramipril and Losartan have a beneficial effect on learning and memory as compared to plcebo.

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“…The specific targeting of ARB to Angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and possibly AT2) may result in greater vasodilation and improved cerebral blood flow than ACEi [35,36]. Head-to-head studies comparing ACEi and ARB are lacking but results from animal models of stroke suggest that ARB may also have an anti-inflammatory action and neuroprotective role in humans [37,38]. The results for a small number of studies suggest that ARB use is associated with lower AD pathology on autopsy [39] possibly via a beneficial effect on brain tau concentrations [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Study of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Decline Comparing a Sample of Community-Dwelling People Taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Over Time

Moran

Xie

Poh

et al. 2019

JAD

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Non-hypotensive dose of telmisartan and nimodipine produced synergistic neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemic model by attenuating brain cytokine levels

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Relationship Between Antihypertensive Medications and Cognitive Impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and Animal Studies

Relationship Between Antihypertensive Medications and Cognitive Impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and Animal Studies

The study of effects of inhibition of the renin angiotensin system on memory in rats

Observational Study of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Decline Comparing a Sample of Community-Dwelling People Taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Over Time

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