Non-invasive brain stimulation on clinical symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Role of Innovation Technology in the Rehabilitation of Patients Affected by Huntington’s Disease: A Scoping Review

“…This is in line with previous studies that highlighted the beneficial role in cognitive training of healthy elderly individuals, patients with mild cognitive impairment, and various neurological and dementia-related conditions [60][61][62][63], including Parkinson's disease [64] and multiple sclerosis [65,66]. Indeed, cognitive training has been shown to improve cognitive function by promoting neuroplasticity through structural and functional changes in the brain [67]. Notably, studies on cognitive training have mostly included mixed groups of individuals with pre-manifest and manifest HD, also incorporating other conditions, such as PD, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the effects based on the disease stage.…”

The Cortical Silent Period and Its Association with Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Standardized Data Collection

“…A dysregulated interaction between glutamate and GABA in MS leads to synaptic loss accountable for a multitude of clinical impairments [56]. Hence, neurophysiological techniques such as TMS, with their ability to noninvasively assess alterations in these neurotransmitters, are gaining recognition for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential [14,60]. Consequently, there is a prevalent hypothesis that modulating GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission holds promise as a strategy for addressing fatigue and cognitive impairment in MS [16,18], and neurophysiological methods such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are increasingly being used for the treatment of neuropsychological symptoms like fatigue in MS [18] as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders [60][61][62].…”

Neuroimaging and neuromodulation of invisible symptoms in multiple sclerosis

“…tDCS also appears to decrease pain (targeting left dorsolateral prefrontal or primary motor cortex), alleviate psychiatric symptoms (mainly targeting prefrontal regions) when pooling anxiety and depression data together, and have a trend toward cognitive enhancement (mainly targeting prefrontal regions). Only a single pilot tDCS study has addressed sleep quality in PwMS by applying prefrontal stimulation and showed an improvement in subjective daytime sleepiness, but not objective sleep parameters (for reviews see Uygur-Kucukseymen et al, 2023 ). Besides tDCS, tRNS has been applied but to a lesser extent and the very limited available data suggest no effects on the studied outcomes (for reviews see Uygur-Kucukseymen et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Only a single pilot tDCS study has addressed sleep quality in PwMS by applying prefrontal stimulation and showed an improvement in subjective daytime sleepiness, but not objective sleep parameters (for reviews see Uygur-Kucukseymen et al, 2023 ). Besides tDCS, tRNS has been applied but to a lesser extent and the very limited available data suggest no effects on the studied outcomes (for reviews see Uygur-Kucukseymen et al, 2023 ). As for tACS, a recent study using a single session suggests potential cognitive benefits (Hsu et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Compared to tES, fewer studies have applied rTMS in PwMS. Nevertheless, the majority were interested in fatigue and showed significant benefits (Ayache et al, 2022 ), one single study found promising antidepressive effects (Ahmadpanah et al, 2023 ), and single studies yielded negative outcomes in pain and cognition (for reviews see, Uygur-Kucukseymen et al, 2023 ).…”