Non-invasive detection of c-myc p64, c-myc p67 and c-erbb-2 in colorectal cancer

Lagerholm, Sofia; Lagerholm, Sara; Dutta, Sudhir K.; Nair, Padmanabhan P.

doi:10.1080/00365520510023549

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It should also be taken into account that recent advances in the understanding of the structure and function of the human genome have resulted in a breathtakingly rapid development of such complex disciplines as genomics and proteomics making possible targeted detailed investigation of disease-related gene expression patterns. Presently there are only a few reports describing assess- ment of specific RNA expression in human stool samples 42,64,65 ; however, the opportunity of using directly collected colonocytes for RNA isolation should also be considered as a possible alternative to stool-based techniques.…”

Section: Methodological Approaches To the Isolation And Analysis Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell exfoliation in the human colon: Myth, reality and implications for colorectal cancer screening

Loktionov

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Colonocyte exfoliation in the human colon constitutes a unique mechanism of cell population control that can undergo significant changes under different physiological and pathological conditions. Being closely related to the apoptosis and anoikis, cell exfoliation from colonic epithelium appears to be a relatively rare event in normal conditions, but its rate dramatically increases in neoplasia, when cell removal by apoptosis in situ does not function properly. Several studies show that significant numbers of exfoliated colonocytes are not lost in the faecal contents of the gut, but retained in the mucocellular layer overlying colonic mucosa. Recent observations allow hypothesizing that the mucocellular layer containing exfoliated colonocytes may gradually migrate distally, eventually leading to the accumulation of the cells exfoliated from malignant colorectal tumours on the surface of the rectal mucosa. Implications of exfoliated colonocyte analysis to colorectal cancer screening and early diagnosis are discussed. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: colonic epithelium; cell exfoliation; mucocellular layer; neoplastic growth; colorectal cancer screening Intense investigation of epithelial cell proliferation in the mammalian intestinal mucosa has resulted in a significant progress in understanding regulatory mechanisms governing cell dynamics in this rapidly self-renewing cell population. This understanding greatly assisted in developing theoretical models of human colorectal carcinogenesis addressing both its molecular mechanisms [1][2][3][4] and sequences of events in tumour morphogenesis. [5][6][7][8][9][10] As numerous studies in this area were devoted to the investigation of colonocyte proliferation and differentiation, relatively little remained known about the final natural destiny of these cells. Obligatory exfoliation of terminally differentiated colonocytes was traditionally believed to be the predominant way of cell loss in colonic epithelium, 11 but this popular notion remained essentially hypothetical in the absence of convincing firm evidence. Given that it has become generally admitted that exfoliated colonocyte analysis may open new approaches to colorectal cancer screening and early diagnosis, detailed knowledge and better understanding of the exfoliation of colonic epithelium and its changes in neoplasia is of high practical relevance. The present brief review addresses this surprisingly obscure area with the purpose of clarifying a few points still provoking controversy and confusion. Perspectives of using the phenomenon of colonic cell exfoliation for screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer and related diseases are then reevaluated in view of recent advances in the field.Cell exfoliation in the colonic epithelium: Its role in normal physiological conditions and neoplasia Colonic epithelium is known to be one of the most dynamic cell populations of the human organism. 4,8,11,12 Meticulous investigation of the well-structured organisation of the colonic mucosa allowed constructing a detaile...

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Section: Methodological Approaches To the Isolation And Analysis Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell exfoliation in the human colon: Myth, reality and implications for colorectal cancer screening

Loktionov

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…They have been used for breast cancer [17,18], ovarian cancer [19], colorectal cancer [20], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [21], uveal melanoma [22], urothelial cancer [23], prostate cancer [24], colon cancer [25], Alzheimer's disease [26], neurodegenerative diseases [27,28], brain disorders [29], liver toxicity [30], cystic fibrosis [31], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease [32], and urological malignancies, bladder, and renal cancers [33]. These are by no means all the research articles published about the above diseases.…”

Section: Initial Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of electrophoresis in disease biomarker discovery

Issaq

Veenstra

2007

Electrophoresis

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There has been increased activity in the last few years in the search for disease markers using fractionation of complex biological fluids combined with MS. While electrophoretic and chromatographic separations have played a major role in this endeavor, this manuscript is limited to a review of electrophoretic methods that have been established for disease biomarker discovery. These methods include 2-DE, difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and CE. We define what constitutes a biomarker, identify the steps required for establishing a biomarker, and describe the parameters needed in the design of an ideal diagnostic test. The application, advantages, and limitations of CE, DIGE, and 2-DE in meeting the goal of discovering novel biomarkers is discussed in detail, along with a few selected examples that illustrate the search for biomarkers for cancer and neurological diseases.

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“…The technique allowed recovery of several millions (>40×10 6 /g stool) of viable human colonic cells suitable for investigational or diagnostic purposes as they reflected immediate past history of the gut and its metabolic function (5). Since then, several modifications have been made in the collection medium and purification steps (6,7). Recently, there were attempts to separate colonocytes from stool using immuno-magnetic beads covered with antibody against specific epithelial cell proteins (3,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there were attempts to separate colonocytes from stool using immuno-magnetic beads covered with antibody against specific epithelial cell proteins (3,8). Multiple studies have shown feasibility of the colonocyte technique in studying molecular biomarkers of colon cancer (6,7), cancer diagnostics and pathogenesis (9), detection of p53 gene mutations (1,10), and evaluation of the action of bioactive food components on gut epithelia (2). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Colonocytes in Newborn Stool: Surrogates for Evaluation of Gut Physiology and Disease Pathogenesis

et al. 2011

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Studies of gastrointestinal pathophysiology are not feasible by biopsies in human neonates. We examined the utility of live colonocytes in stool in studying cellular markers during early neonatal life. Expression of IgA, IgG, Cluster of Differentiation-45 cells (CD45), Toll-like receptors-2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) were analyzed by flow-cytometry. Colonocyte RNA extracts were used in quantitative RealTime-PCR (qRT-PCR) to examine the expression of cytokeratin-19, ribosomal protein-24, and tight-junction (Tj) protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Colonocyte yield varied between 5×104 to 2×106 cells/g of stool. Meconium samples yielded a highly enriched population of viable cells. Although low, all samples showed CD45-positive cells during the initial weeks of life. Starting as early as day-2, IgA expression was observed in 69% of the cells. Low to moderate expression of IgG was observed with a linear increase as the infants grew. There was an almost total lack of TLR2 staining; however, over 55% of the colonocytes showed TLR4 expression. While high levels of IgA in gut cells may serve as a natural protectant during neonatal period, increased TLR4 may provide a niche for lipopolysacharide (LPS) mediated epithelial damage. Use of stool colonocytes can be a valuable noninvasive approach for studying gut pathophysiology in the neonatal period.

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Non-invasive detection of c-myc p64, c-myc p67 and c-erbb-2 in colorectal cancer

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Cell exfoliation in the human colon: Myth, reality and implications for colorectal cancer screening

Cell exfoliation in the human colon: Myth, reality and implications for colorectal cancer screening

The role of electrophoresis in disease biomarker discovery

Live Colonocytes in Newborn Stool: Surrogates for Evaluation of Gut Physiology and Disease Pathogenesis

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