Non-invasive image analysis evaluation of growth during plant micropropagation

Smith, M. Scott; Spomer, L. Art; Meyer, Michèle; McClelland, M. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00035809

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some image analysis studies evaluated shoot growth, root initiation and the development of woody and non-woody plant tissue cultures, but no image analyses have been conducted for nodes (Smith et al, 1989;Smith, 1995). We evaluated the first and second nodes of the stored plants by image analysis to determine if they would reflect the condition of the whole plant, or if one would be more indicative of change than the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive evaluation of in vitro-stored plants: A comparison of visual and image analysis

Aynalem

Righetti

Reed

2006

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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SummaryIn vitro plants in slow-growth storage require routine evaluation for assessment of viability and need for repropagation. Determination of plantlet health by visual assessment is subjective and varies by genus due to variations in growth pattern and plant structure. Developing a standardized plant evaluation system would improve the efficiency of in vitro storage. This study was initiated to develop digital image analysis techniques for plantlets during slow-growth cold storage and to compare that system with visual examinations. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars were chosen for this initial trial because they have an open structure and clear internode position for image composition. Pear shoots stored at 48C in tissue culture bags were evaluated monthly by standard visual examination and by digital image analysis. Digital images were evaluated for red, green, blue, modified normalized differences of vegetation index (MNDVI), green/red ratio (G/R), intensity, hue, and saturation at the first two nodes of each plantlet. At 6 mo., the visual ratings had declined steadily for P. communis 'Luscious' and 'Bartlett-Swiss', while 'Belle Lucrative' and 'Louise Bonne de Jersey' ratings did not show significant declines until 9 mo. Correlations between visual ratings and G/R and MNDVI values were significant (r 2 $ 0.5) for all cultivars. Regression analysis indicated that the MNDVI and G/R ratios changed significantly over the 15-mo. rating period for most cultivars. Intensity, hue and saturation values were not consistently significant and did not correlate with visual ratings. These results will assist in the development of digital imaging as an alternative technique for evaluation of stored in vitro plantlets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive evaluation of in vitro-stored plants: A comparison of visual and image analysis

Aynalem

Righetti

Reed

2006

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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“…For the earliest observations, the number of days until visible root initial emergence was recorded, and the number of adventitious roots and relative growth of microcutting shoots for each treatment was noted after 2 wk. At the second evaluation (4-6 wk), morphological observations on root length, adventitious root number, root system weighted density (equivalent to fresh weight; [11]) and shoot growth were recorded. For the third and fourth evaluations (8-10 and 16-20wk), root area, shoot area, root length and shoot height measurements were recorded and root:shoot area ratios calculated.…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the 4-5wk evaluation, in vitro microcuttings were viewed in the culture tube in a specially adapted staging environment [11]. Ex vitro treatments were imaged in the same staging environment after gently washing the rooting medium away from the roots.…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants

McClelland

Smith

Carothers

1990

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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In vitro-and ex vitro-rooted microcuttings of Acer rubrum L. 'Red Sunset', Betula nigra L., and Malus × -domestiea Borkh 'McIntosh' were distinguished by several important anatomical and morphological properties which continued to regulate both root system and whole plant quality in later stages of production. In vitro microcuttings formed adventitious roots in greater number and more quickly than ex vitro microcuttings. Roots produced in vitro were characterized by extremely enlarged cortical cells and, consequently, had a much greater diameter than ex vitro roots. However, the vascular system of in vitro roots was underdeveloped (primary vascular tissues only) as compared to ex vitro roots, which produced vascular cambium and secondary growth during the same early stage of production. At least 50% of the post-transplant in vitro adventitious roots either died immediately, or temporarily persisted during acclimatization without producing any further growth. For the surviving in vitro-produced roots, the cortex partially collapsed after transplant, and new root extensions with ex vitro-like structure were produced. Only then did the in vitro portion of the root begin to form secondary vascular tissues. Shoots from in vitro treatments continued to grow vigorously during adventitious root initiation and during acclimatization, so that the plants were significantly taller and had a greater shoot area than those receiving comparable ex vitro rooting treatment. In vitro rooting led to a horizontal root morphology which continued to distinguish these treatments from ex vitro rooted plants during later stages of production, when anatomical differences in the roots could no longer be detected.

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“…The measurement of fresh or dry weight is destructive and hence large numbers of plants are required to analyze growth in time. Although the analysis of growth by measuring the area covered by a plant instead of measuring its weight has been applied successfully (Smith and Spomer, 1987;Smith et al, 1989;Motooka et al, 1991), its use is hampered by complicated experimental designs. A nondestructive approach would be preferable, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Growth-Related Traits in a New Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Population

et al. 2004

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Arabidopsis natural variation was used to analyze the genetics of plant growth rate. Screening of 22 accessions revealed a large variation for seed weight, plant dry weight and relative growth rate but not for water content. A positive correlation was observed between seed weight and plant area 10 d after planting, suggesting that seed weight affects plant growth during early phases of development. During later stages of plant growth this correlation was not significant, indicating that other factors determine growth rate during this phase. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, using 114 (F9 generation) recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Landsberg erecta (Ler, from Poland) and Shakdara (Sha, from Tadjikistan), revealed QTLs for seed weight, plant area, dry weight, relative growth rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, flowering time, and flowering-related traits. Growth traits (plant area, dry weight, and relative growth rate) colocated at five genomic regions. At the bottom of chromosome 5, colocation was found of QTLs for leaf area, leaf initiation speed, specific leaf area, and chlorophyll fluorescence but not for dry weight, indicating that this locus might be involved in leaf development. No consistent relation between growth traits and flowering time was observed despite some colocations. Some of the QTLs detected for flowering time overlapped with loci detected in other recombinant inbred line populations, but also new loci were identified. This study shows that Arabidopsis can successfully be used to study the genetic basis of complex traits like plant growth rate.

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Non-invasive image analysis evaluation of growth during plant micropropagation

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Non-destructive evaluation of in vitro-stored plants: A comparison of visual and image analysis

Non-destructive evaluation of in vitro-stored plants: A comparison of visual and image analysis

The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Growth-Related Traits in a New Arabidopsis Recombinant Inbred Population

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