Non-Invasive In Vivo Characterization of Breast Tumors Using Photon Migration Spectroscopy

Abstract

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A systematic approach to the development of fluorescent contrast agents for optical imaging of mouse cancer models

“…Absorption and scattering of light are largely a function of the wavelength of the excitation source [3]. Light is absorbed by endogenous chromophores found in living tissue, including hemoglobin, melanin, and lipid [3], [4], [5], [6], and [7]. In general, light absorption and scattering decrease with increasing wavelength.…”

“…Above 900 nm, water absorption can interfere with signal-to-background ratio. Because the absorption coeffi cient of tissue is considerably lower in the near infrared (NIR) region (700-900 nm), light can penetrate more deeply, to depths of several centimeters [3], [4], [5] and [6]. Fluorochromes with emissions in the NIR are not hindered by interfering autofl uorescence, so they tend to yield the highest signal-to-background.…”

Sources of Absorption and Scattering Contrast for Near-Infrared Optical Mammography

“…As optical diagnostic methods become more clinically applicable, there is a growing need to identify and quantify sources of endogenous contrast in breast (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). This article presents the results of quantitative NIR spectroscopic studies in 28 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 64 years.…”

Near‐infrared imaging of breast cancer using optical contrast agents

“…Optical imaging has some decisive advantages over established modalities for imaging of the breast: it provides clinically relevant information on the composition of glandular tissue (e.g., fat and water content) and other physiologic information such as hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation [26,33,[100][101][102][103]. The use of light, or low-energy electromagnetic waves, also allows imaging of younger women [104] without exposing them to the risks of ionizing radiation.…”