Non‐linear coefficient of BaTiO
            <sub>3</sub>
            ‐doped ZnO varistor

Kharchouche, Fayçal; Belkhiat, S.; Belkhiat, Djamel Eddine Chouaib

doi:10.1049/iet-smt.2012.0022

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The resistance of ZnO grain and grain boundary was obtained using impedance analyzer. According to the electric model of ZnO varistors in [2], [4], [10], [15]- [18], the resistance of ZnO grain is much smaller than grain boundary, and the grain boundary resistance can be measured when the applied frequency is 0, and the ZnO grain resistance was measured when the applied frequency is 13MHz [9]- [13]. According to Fig.…”

Section: B Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, nonlinear coefficient and residual voltage ratio of the ZnO varistors can affect the insulation co-ordination design of high voltage power systems, and it is necessary to develop ZnO varistors with a high nonlinear coefficient and The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Mahmoud Al Ahmad . a low residual voltage ratio [10]- [13], [15], [19]. In addition, leakage current is also an important parameter of ZnO varistors, which has a great influence on the service life of MOAs [17], [20]- [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Xie¹,

Hu²

2019

IEEE Access

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This paper investigated the effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZrO 2 -doped zinc oxide (ZnO) varistor ceramics. The results show that, the additive ZrO 2 exists as independent second phase between ZnO grains, which can limit the growth of ZnO grains and improve the voltage gradient. With the increasing of ZrO 2 , the content of extrinsic elements (Mn, Sb, Co, Cr) in the grain boundary layers tends to increase first and then decease. When ZrO 2 content is more than 1.0mol%, the electrical performance of ZnO varistors decreases sharply. With the increasing of sintering temperature, the ZnO grain size increases and the voltage gradient decreases. When the sintering temperature is larger than 1200 • C, more monoclinic ZrO 2 phase transformed into cubic phase, and more micropores are generated, causing the non-linear coefficient to decrease and the residual voltage ratio and leakage current to increase. With a sintering temperature of 1150 • C and a ZrO 2 content of 1.0mol%, the ZnO varistors can reach the overall optimum electric performance, exhibiting a breakdown voltage of E 1mA = 420V/mm, a nonlinear coefficient of α = 58, a residual voltage ratio of C R = 1.87, and a leakage current of I L = 4µA. The studies in this paper can give reference for the development of high quality ZnO arresters.

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Section: B Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Xie¹,

Hu²

2019

IEEE Access

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“…In low-voltage varistor, a grain growth-enhancer titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is mostly used and can influence the degree of non-linearity of conduction. As barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) consist of TiO 2 , its addition can attribute to the formation of grain growth [42]. BaTiO 3 is one of the members of perovskite (ABO 3 ) family that has wide applications in electronic industry.…”

Section: Barium Titanate and Calcium Manganite As Additivementioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional Sintering Effects on the Microstructure and Electrical Characteristics of Low-Voltage Ceramic Varistor

Ghazali¹,

Shaifudin²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2018

Sintering Technology - Method and Application

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Conventional, free or pressure less sintering is the simplest technique which involves heating of a powder compact, previously prepared at ambient temperatures, without applying any external pressure. It can be conducted with various box furnaces or tube furnaces under different atmospheres (oxidizing, reducing, inert, and vacuum). Through the use of this method, a highly applicable varistor can be mass produced. Varistors are of a particular interest for modern surge protection of over-voltage. Nowadays, ZnO ceramic varistors are most favorable in electronic industry due to their excellent electrical characteristics and high energy handling capabilities. By optimizing the method during sintering process, the number of potential barriers formed can be controlled thus improving the capability of the low-voltage varistor.

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“…The use of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) as the varistor forming oxide has attracted much attention due to its unique properties and broad applications in the electronics industry [ 17 ]. In a previous study, the ZnO varistor doped with BaTiO 3 was found to greatly enhance the nonlinear electrical characteristics [ 18 ]. The presence of TiO 2 within the BaTiO 3 can considerably improve the grain growth of ZnO, making it suitable for the application of low-voltage varistors [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on Electrical and Microstructure Features of ZnO-BaTiO3 Varistor Ceramics

et al. 2021

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This paper investigated the effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on the electrical properties of ZnO-BaTiO3 varistor ceramics. The Pr6O11 doping has a notable influence on the characteristics of the nonlinear coefficient, varistor voltage, and leakage current where the values varied from 2.29 to 2.69, 12.36 to 68.36 V/mm and 599.33 to 548.16 µA/cm2, respectively. The nonlinear varistor coefficient of 5.50 to 7.15 and the varistor voltage of 7.38 to 8.10 V/mm was also influenced by the use of Co3O4 as a dopant. When the amount of Co3O4 was above 0.5 wt.%, the leakage current increased from 202.41 to 302.71 μA/cm2. The varistor ceramics with 1.5 wt.% Pr6O11 shows good nonlinear electrical performance at higher breakdown voltage and reduced the leakage current of the ceramic materials. Besides, the varistor sample that was doped with 0.5 wt.% Co3O4 was able to enhance the nonlinear electrical properties at low breakdown voltage with a smaller value of leakage current.

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Non‐linear coefficient of BaTiO ₃ ‐doped ZnO varistor

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Conventional Sintering Effects on the Microstructure and Electrical Characteristics of Low-Voltage Ceramic Varistor

Synergistic Effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on Electrical and Microstructure Features of ZnO-BaTiO3 Varistor Ceramics

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Non‐linear coefficient of BaTiO 3 ‐doped ZnO varistor

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO2 Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO2 Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Conventional Sintering Effects on the Microstructure and Electrical Characteristics of Low-Voltage Ceramic Varistor

Synergistic Effects of Pr6O11 and Co3O4 on Electrical and Microstructure Features of ZnO-BaTiO3 Varistor Ceramics

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Non‐linear coefficient of BaTiO ₃ ‐doped ZnO varistor

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors

Influence of Sintering Temperature and ZrO₂ Dopants on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors