Non-Linear PAM-4 VCSEL Equalization and 22 nm SOI CMOS DAC for 112 Gbit/s Data Transmission

Hecht, Urs; Ledentsov, N. N.; Scholz, Philipp; Agustin, M.; Schulz, Patrick; Gerfers, Friedel

doi:10.23919/gemic.2019.8698167

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…With the increasing bandwidth demand for optical transmitter systems in wired communication systems [18,19], researchers have proposed various bandwidth expansion methods [20][21][22][23]. In order to evaluate the performance of bandwidth expansion technology, evaluating the time domain spurious of broadband circuits has gradually become the focus of design [24].…”

Section: Group Delay Considerations Of Optical Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

4-channel, 224Gb/s PAM-4 optical transmitter with group delay compensation in 130-nm BiCMOS technology

Fan,

Chen,

et al. 2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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A compact 4-channel 224 Gb/s PAM4 optical transmitter in 130nm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented employing 3-tap feedforward equalizer (FFE) and continuous time linear equalizer (CLTE) techniques. One pre-emphasis tap and CLTE structures broadened the bandwidth to 26 GHz. Moreover, the peak-peak value of group delay for this system is reduced to 6.7 ps by adopting one pre-fall tap structure. The output stage employs current mode logic circuits to achieve high modulation currents. This chip occupies an area of 1.8 mm×1.95 mm with a 250 um channel pitch. An operating rate of 56 Gb/s/ch is achieved when inputting 28Gbaud PAM-4 signal. The single-ended output voltage amplitude is 240 mV, corresponding to 5.6 mA modulation currents.

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Section: Group Delay Considerations Of Optical Transmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

4-channel, 224Gb/s PAM-4 optical transmitter with group delay compensation in 130-nm BiCMOS technology

Fan,

Chen,

et al. 2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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“…However, it demands a sophisticated DSP with a high computing power. An alternative approach is to perform nonlinear equalization in the analog domain [8], [9]. Based on the data dependent transient response in the four current levels, the rising and falling PAM-4 edges are equalized separately to improve the eye quality in the optical domain, which is implemented in this design.…”

Section: Transmitter Design a Vcsel Characteristics And Equalizamentioning

confidence: 99%

A 32 Gb/s PAM-4 Optical Transceiver With Active Back Termination in 40 nm CMOS Technology

Hsieh

Murmann

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Circuits Syst.

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“…The three time-dependent sub-currents and or , or and to generate the 01 transition in the output optical waveform with the desired shape can be calculated based on eq. ( 3) - (6). Symmetric expressions can be derived for the negative 10 transition and therefore, for an arbitrary data pattern, the total modulating current can be obtained by summing up the respective positive and negative step responses for all transitions in the data.…”

Section: B Step Response and Pam Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equalizers and equalization methods have been proposed and demonstrated to correct the laser non-linearity. These include asymmetric feedforward equalizers (FFE) [1][2][3][4][5][6], Volterra series equalizers [7][8][9][10], look-up tables [11][12][13][14] and machinelearning algorithms [15][16][17][18]. However, these methods are complex, power-hungry and rely on digital signal processing (DSP) either at the transmitter or the receiver.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearisation Method of DML-Based Transmitters for Optical Communications Part III: Pulse Amplitude Modulation

Bamiedakis

Cunningham

Penty

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A new linearization method for optical transmitters based on directly modulated lasers (DMLs), named the Stretched A method, was proposed in Parts I and II of this work. Parts I and II presented the theoretical framework of the method for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation and related detailed simulation and experimental results. Here, we extend the method to pulse amplitude modulation schemes (PAM). Focussing on 4level PAM (PAM-4), we present the theoretical background and discuss implementations options. A simplified variation of the method for the generation of PAM signals with a significantly lower number of sub-currents is proposed. Simulation studies for PAM-4 transmission at 50 GBaud (100 Gb/s) and an experimental proof-of-principle demonstration at 16 GBaud (32 Gb/s) are reported based on 850 nm vertical-cavity surfaceemitting lasers (VCSELs). For PAM-4, products of effective eye diagram areas ( ) of 0.6×10 -5 and 43×10 -5 before and after applying the Stretched A method were measured, demonstrating an improvement ratio of ~72. The sensitivity and tolerances of the method are analyzed using simulation and experiment.

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Non-Linear PAM-4 VCSEL Equalization and 22 nm SOI CMOS DAC for 112 Gbit/s Data Transmission

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

4-channel, 224Gb/s PAM-4 optical transmitter with group delay compensation in 130-nm BiCMOS technology

4-channel, 224Gb/s PAM-4 optical transmitter with group delay compensation in 130-nm BiCMOS technology

A 32 Gb/s PAM-4 Optical Transceiver With Active Back Termination in 40 nm CMOS Technology

Linearisation Method of DML-Based Transmitters for Optical Communications Part III: Pulse Amplitude Modulation

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