Non-lipid-related effects of statins

Abstract

The beneficial effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) on coronary events have generally been attributed to their hypocholesterolaemic properties. However, as mevalonate and other intermediates of cholesterol synthesis (isoprenoids) are necessary for cell proliferation and other important cell functions, effects other than cholesterol reduction may explain the pharmacological properties of statins. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on the nonlipid-related effects of statins, with a special emphasis on their potential benefits in different diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. The mechanism(s) responsible for their favourable properties are also reviewed.

N‑methyl pyrrolidone promotes ankle fracture healing by inhibiting inflammation via suppression of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway

“…It has been reported that TNF-α expression is significantly higher in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (22). Furthermore, multiple inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 stimulate the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts (23)(24)(25)(26). Therefore, the current study investigated whether TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels differed between healthy children and those with ankle fracture.…”

Role of protein kinase C in pitavastatin-induced human paraoxonase I expression in Huh7 cells

“…Recent studies show that statins have many additional cardiovascular protective effects beyond the ability to lower serum cholesterol levels [10]. Anti-oxidant action is one of the pleiotropic effects of statins [11,12]. We and other previously reported that statins enhanced the PON1 gene promoter activity in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 cells [13], or increased the serum PON1 concentrations and activities in patients with hypercholesterolemia [14].…”

Pitavastatin induces PON1 expression through p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in Huh7 cells

“…Anti-oxidation 5 has been suggested as one of the pleiotropic effects of statins [11]. Also, simvastatin has been reported to inhibit macrophage-dependent LDL oxidization [12], and atorvastatin to inhibit copper-derived LDL oxidization [13].…”