Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Distribution in the Russian Federation

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence has been increasing steadily around the world. The aim of the study is to describe geographic trends in incidence and mortality of NMSC in Russia between 2007 and 2017 and compare findings to other European countries. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used geospatial analysis to map the incident cases and descriptive statistical analysis to analyze trends. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between ethnicity, geographic latitude/longitude, and NMSC incidence/mortality rates. We retrospectively analyzed the data from the Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for 2007–2017. Routine methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to study incidence and mortality rates by age groups, years, and jurisdictions (i.e., Federal Districts and Federal Subjects). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 733,723 patients were diagnosed with NMSC in Russia over the period 2007–2017, of whom 63% were women. The overall age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 29.64/100,000 and 0.70/100,000, respectively. There was a consistent increase in age-standardized incidence rates over the study period, with a decreasing mortality rate. Geographic mapping revealed north-to-south and east-to-west gradients for NMSC. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study demonstrated longitudinal trends for NMSC incidence in Russia documenting that skin phototype, latitude/longitude, climate zones, and cultural practices remain dominant risk factors defining the epidemiology of NMSC. Moreover, this work identified several regions in the country (i.e., Republic of Adygea, Samara, Krasnodar Krai, etc.), where patient education/sun awareness campaigns will be useful to help reduce the risk of this malignancy.

Risk factors and communities disproportionately affected by cervical cancer in the Russian Federation: A national population-based study

“…To determine trends in ASIR/ASMR over time, linear regression was performed using Prism 8.0.1 software (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) and SAS 9.4 software (2013, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Similar to the methodology in our previous studies on melanoma in Canada 19 , 20 and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers in Russia, 21 , 22 case counts of new cases and deaths were extracted by year from the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute data.…”

The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review

“…KCs arise from subpopulations of interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicle stem cells [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two types of KC, representing the first and fifth most prevalent human malignancies worldwide [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Prominent risk factors for the development of KC include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) or ionizing radiation, fair skin (Fitzpatrick phototype I-III skin tones), age, chemical exposures (e.g., arsenic), certain drugs (e.g., BRAF inhibitors, cyclosporin, voriconazole, hydrochlorothiazide) and viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) [ 34 ].…”

“…Immunosuppression (e.g., Solid Organ Transplant Recipients [SOTR] or others prescribed immunosuppressants) is another prominent risk factor, increasing the risk of developing cSCC by up to 65-fold and the risk of developing BCC by up to 10-fold [ 36 ]. Inherited genodermatoses, such as Gorlin-Goltz (nevoid BCC syndrome; NBCCS) syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), amongst others, confer predispositions to BCC and cSCC formation [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 37 ]. The prospect of using retinoids to treat and prevent KC has been investigated thoroughly.…”

The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas

“…KCs are malignancies that arise from epidermal keratinocytes. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two types of KC, representing the first and fifth most prevalent cancers, respectively, worldwide [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. BCC arises from keratinocytes in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis, mechanosensory niches and from hair follicle infundibulum stem cells [ 29 ].…”