Non-Monogamy of Spatio-Temporal Correlations and the Black Hole Information Loss Paradox

Abstract

Pseudo-density matrices are a generalisation of quantum states and do not obey monogamy of quantum correlations. Could this be the solution to the paradox of information loss during the evaporation of a black hole? In this paper we discuss this possibility, providing a theoretical proposal to extend quantum theory with these pseudo-states to describe the statistics arising in black-hole evaporation. We also provide an experimental demonstration of this theoretical proposal, using a simulation in optical regime, that tomographically reproduces the correlations of the pseudo-density matrix describing this physical phenomenon.

Binary Black Hole Information Loss Paradox & Future Prospects

“…This PDO represents a three-qubit entangled system, out of which two of the entangled particles cross the event horizon and fall into the black hole and there the particles get entangled with a qubit. This proposed method describing the correlations associated with the black-hole evaporation is in agreement with that proposed by [9] and the explanation of the black hole ringdown stage boils down to the equivalent two-qubit system from the three-qubit system.…”

“…We have incorporated the pseudo-density matrix formalism to explain this phenomenon. We have considered that Hawking radiation, which is the cause for the phenomenology of the black hole evaporation, can be well established from the pseudo-density formalism point of view in such a binary system, in agreement with the conjecture presented by [9]. For the analysis, we have considered PDO in terms of the pauli operators for the three-qubit system, where two of them fall into the binary black hole system and get entangled there.…”

“…To conclude, we provided verification of the conjecture presented by [9] with a different system than theirs. We also tried to explore the possibilities of how their novel work could be brought to more practical setups, from where we can try to exploit our current available black hole observational information in the form of the gravitational waves and make use of our conjecture for its experimental verification as well as explore the idea of real black hole entanglement related observational experiments in near future.…”

“…Although the absence of any fluctuations in the real axis, compels us to believe that it is simply not background noise, originating from measurement error. If we compare our imaginary plot results to that of the [9] plots, we see clearly there are much more fluctuations in our binary black hole system set up. It is not clear to us at the moment what are the origins of these fluctuations, but definitely, it points to some perturbations on the quantum state measurements of the pseudo-random operators originating specifically from our system's set up (hence essentially a quantum phenomenon).…”

“…Other theories include the holographic principle [18], which states that the maximum number of states (degrees of freedom) in a confined volume is proportional to its surface area. Recently, in their paper [9] proposed a new approach to tackle this problem while not disturbing the existing framework of the blackhole information paradox, of the violation of monogamy principle and the black hole evaporation process occurring simultaneously. Instead, they applied pseudo-density operator (PDO) to account for temporal and spatial entanglement between maximally entangled particles inside and outside of the black hole event horizon.…”