Non-monotonic developmental trend of holistic processing in visual expertise: the case of Chinese character recognition

Tso, Ricky Van-yip; Au, Terry Kit-fong; Hsiao, Janet H.

doi:10.1186/s41235-022-00389-3

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The inversion paradigm is easier for children than other paradigms (e.g., composite paradigm) when use Chinese characters as stimuli; and the composite paradigm for Chinese characters was more influenced by writing experiences/performance ( Tso et al, 2014 , 2021 , 2022 ). Consequently, in the present experiments, we choose the inversion effect as a measurable index of perceptual expertise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the inverted images, the relative spatial relations among image elements are turned upside down, and consequently, this slows down the response of the mechanism that is specialized in the spatial configurations of elements in an image (Kao et al, 2010). The inversion paradigm is easier for children than other paradigms (e.g., composite paradigm) when use Chinese characters as stimuli; and the composite paradigm for Chinese characters was more influenced by writing experiences/performance (Tso et al, 2014(Tso et al, , 2021(Tso et al, , 2022. Consequently, in the present experiments, we choose the inversion effect as a measurable index of perceptual expertise.…”

Section: The Developmental Performance Of the Inversion Effect In Chi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental trajectories of expert perception processing of Chinese characters in primary school children

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that inversion effect and left-side bias are stable expertise markers in Chinese character processing among adults. However, it is less clear how these markers develop early on (i.e., among primary school students). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development of the two markers by comparing primary school-aged students of three age groups (Grade 1, Grade 3, and Grade 5) and adults in tests of inversion effect (Experiment 1) and left-sided bias effect (Experiment 2). The results replicated that both effects during Chinese character processing were present among adults. However, more importantly, the effects were different among primary school-aged students in different grades: the inversion effect was found as early as in Grade 1, but the left-side bias effect did not emerge in Grade 1 and as approximated that of adults until Grade 3. The study suggested a potential dissociation in developing different aspects of expertise during Chinese character processing in early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Developmental Performance Of the Inversion Effect In Chi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trajectories of expert perception processing of Chinese characters in primary school children

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Our results are seemingly at odds with findings that HP follows a non‐monotonic U‐shaped function. As has been documented, when children learn Chinese character recognition (Tso et al., 2022), younger, but not older, children perceive a small number of Chinese characters holistically (Tso, Au, & Hsiao, 2014) and attend to all input equally at the onset of reading (Hsiao & Cottrell, 2009). A similar inverted‐U trend has also been proposed to apply in the case of face recognition (Hsiao & Galmar, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition

Nischal

Behrmann

2023

Developmental Science

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Holistic processing (HP) of faces refers to the obligatory, simultaneous processing of the parts and their relations, and it emerges over the course of development. HP is manifest in a decrement in the perception of inverted versus upright faces and a reduction in face processing ability when the relations between parts are perturbed. Here, adopting the HP framework for faces, we examined the developmental emergence of HP in another domain for which human adults have expertise, namely, visual word processing. Children, adolescents, and adults performed a lexical decision task and we used two established signatures of HP for faces: the advantage in perception of upright over inverted words and nonwords and the reduced sensitivity to increasing parts (word length). Relative to the other groups, children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials and lexical decision was more affected by increasing word length. Performance on these HP indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency. Also, the emergence of HP for word perception was not simply a result of improved visual perception over the course of development as no group differences were observed on an object decision task. These results reveal the developmental emergence of HP for orthographic input, and reflect a further instance of experience-dependent tuning of visual perception. These results also add to existing findings on the commonalities of mechanisms of word and face recognition.

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“…These results suggested that performance in naming words and pseudowords was associated with local but not global processing ability. Similarly, Chinese readers with limited writing experience perceived characters more holistically with longer recognition RT, suggesting the importance of sensitivity to local components for expert reading performance 13,14,15 . Interestingly, higher similarity to the eye movement pattern focusing at the OVP in lexical decision was uniquely predicted by longer RAN RT, suggesting that the ability to accurately xate at the OVP may con ict with the ability to rapidly identify an isolated familiar symbol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, both holistic processing and local featural information are important for face recognition 10,11,12 . Similarly, Chinese character recognition expertise involves an initial increase in holistic perception, followed by enhanced selective attention to local components through writing practice 13,14 , and reading di culties in Chinese are associated with impaired ability to selectively attend to local components 15 . In lexical decision of low frequency Portuguese words, faster response time (RT) was associated with more holistic word perception, suggesting the relationship between word processing e ciency and holistic perception 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of eye movement pattern and consistency in isolated English word reading through hidden Markov modelling

Liao

Hsiao

2023

Preprint

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In isolated English word reading, readers have the optimal performance when their initial eye fixation is directed to the area between the beginning and word center, i.e., the optimal viewing position (OVP). Thus, how well readers voluntarily direct eye gaze to this OVP during isolated word reading may predict reading performance. Using Eye Movement analysis with Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM), we discovered two representative eye movement patterns during lexical decisions through clustering, which focused at the OVP and the word center respectively. Higher eye movement similarity to the OVP-focusing pattern predicted faster lexical decision time in addition to cognitive abilities and lexical knowledge. However, the OVP-focusing pattern was associated with longer isolated single letter naming time, suggesting conflicting visual abilities required for identifying isolated letters and multi-letter words. In pseudoword naming, higher consistency of the first fixation as measured in entropy predicted faster naming time in addition to cognitive abilities and lexical knowledge. In contrast, word naming performance was better predicted by lexical knowledge but not eye movement measures. Thus, developing a consistent eye movement pattern focusing on the OVP is essential for word orthographic processing and reading fluency. This finding has important implications for interventions for reading difficulties.

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Non-monotonic developmental trend of holistic processing in visual expertise: the case of Chinese character recognition

Cited by 7 publications

References 80 publications

Developmental trajectories of expert perception processing of Chinese characters in primary school children

Developmental trajectories of expert perception processing of Chinese characters in primary school children

Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition

Understanding the role of eye movement pattern and consistency in isolated English word reading through hidden Markov modelling

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