Non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine and freshwater fish and shellfish from The Netherlands

Boer, Jacob de; Stronck, C.J.N.; Traag, W.A.; Meer, Jaap van der

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90077-i

Cited by 113 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These TEFs are listed in the electronic supplementary material. The median concentrations reported here are very similar to those reported in Dutch fish from 1991 [9], although the use of a different TEF system in that study (from a Dutch working group, DWG) led to an underestimation of about 10% for the PCDD/F TEQ as compared with the TEF WHO 1997 (data not shown). The lower TEF of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD; 0.5 instead of the TEF WHO 1997 of 1.0) accounted primarily for this difference.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofuranssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…DL-PCB TEQ. Concentrations in Dutch fish from 1991 were considerably higher for mussels, shrimps and mackerel [9]. This is partly explained by the different TEFs used in that study (DWG TEFs, see electronic supplementary material) which led to an overestimation of the PCB TEQ of 10-40% in the 1991 study, depending on the species and origin (data not shown).…”

Section: Dioxin-like Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In some other studies, different TEF systems were used [9,[26][27][28]. These TEFs are listed in the electronic supplementary material.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dutch rivers Meuse, Rhine, Waal and IJssel are highly polluted with PCBs and dioxins owing to a high degree of urbanization and industrialization along these rivers in the Netherlands, Germany, France and Belgium. Total TEQ (sum of PCDD/F and DL-PCB) values in marine and freshwater fish fillets from 1991 ranged from 0.8 to 22 pg TEQ/g ww for cod and eel, respectively, and up to 504 pg TEQ/g ww for fish livers have been reported [9]. In order to determine the current contamination of Dutch edible fish and shellfish, two studies were undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Fish from Dutch markets were analysed for concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) and compared with the new European maximum residue levels (MRLs), set in 2006. In a first study on 11 different fish and shellfish from various locations, concentrations of PCDD/Fs were nearly all below the MRL for PCDD/Fs [4 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) per gram wet weight (ww)] and nearly all below 8 pg total TEQ/g ww, the new MRL for the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. Some samples exceeded the total TEQ MRL, such as anchovy, tuna and sea bass. Furthermore, 20 (out of 39) wild eel samples exceeded the specific MRL for eel (12 pg total TEQ/g ww), as the study revealed PCDD/F TEQ levels of 0.2-7.9 pg TEQ/g ww and total TEQ values of 0.9 to 52 pg/g ww. TEQ levels in farmed and imported eel were lower and complied with the MRLs. Smoking eel, a popular tradition in the Netherlands, only had marginal effects on PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations. Owing to volatilization, concentrations of lowerchlorinated PCBs were reduced to below the limit of quantification after smoking. DL-PCBs contributed 61-97% to the total TEQ in all eel samples. This also holds for other fish and shellfish (except shrimps): DL-PCB contributed (on average) from 53 (herring) to 83% (tuna) to the total TEQ. Principal-component analysis revealed distinctive congener profiles for PCDD/Fs and non-ortho PCBs for mussels, pikeperch, herring and various Mediterranean fish. The application of new TCDD toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) set by the World Health Organization in 2006 (to replace the 1997 TEFs) resulted in lower TEQ values, mainly owing to a decreased mono-ortho PCB contribution. This decrease is most pronounced for eel, owing to the relative high monoortho PCB concentrations in eel. Consequently, a larger number of samples would comply with the MRLs when the new TEFs are applied. The DR CALUX® assay may be used for screening total TEQ levels in eel, in combination with gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry confirmation of suspected samples. An almost 1:1 correlation was found when the 1997 TEFs were applied, but, surprisingly, a 1.4-fold overestimation occurred with application of the 2006 TEFs.

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Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofuranssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Dioxin-like Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In some other studies, different TEF systems were used [9,[26][27][28]. These TEFs are listed in the electronic supplementary material.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Leeuwen

Leonards

Traag³

et al. 2007

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…After superfusion head kidney tissues were pooled from four randomly chosen fish of each group (experi ment la), and PCB concentrations were determined as described earlier (de Boer et al, 1993). 475 …”

Section: Head Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Quabius

Balm

Bonga

1997

General and Comparative Endocrinology

101

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Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis is characteristic of stress responses, which may result from a variety of environmental challenges. To investigate whether the stress response, and in particular the HPI axis, in tilapia (Orcochromis mossambicus) is compromised by short-term exposure to PCB 126, fish of both sexes were fed diets containing PCB 126 (50 M-g/kg fish • day) for 5 days. In the first approach, which was performed twice, fish were acutely stressed for periods varying between 1 and 30 min at the end of the exposure period; in the second approach fish were sampled at the end of the exposure period either at rest or after 2 h of stress (confinement). After 5 days, the body weights in all experiments were significantly lower in PCB-fed fish than in control fish. There were no changes in basal plasma glucose levels, plasma ion concentrations, or branchial, renal, and intestinal Na,K-ATPase activity following PCB exposure. In the first experimental ap proach, in which fish experienced acute sampling stress, plasma cortisol levels reached lower levels in PCB-fed fish than in controls. This suggests an impaired ability to acutely activate interrenal steroidogenesis in PCBtreated tilapia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-and cAMP-stimulated in vitro cortisol release from superfused head kidneys was lower in tissues from tilapia exposed to PCB 126 than in tissues from control animals. This effect persisted after 24 h in vitro, which, together with the high PCB 126 concentrations measured in the head kidneys of PCB-fed fish, may indicate direct toxic effects on the interrenal cells. The second experimental approach demonstrated that basal plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were not influenced by PCB treatment, but that the basal ACTH content of the rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the pituitary gland of PCB-fed fish was lower than that of control fish. After 2 h confinement, plasma cortisol levels and ACTH content of the RPD rose to similar values in both groups, whereas plasma ACTH levels were higher in confined PCB-fed fish than in confined controls. PCB-fed fish showed a lower hypergly cemic response to confinement than control fish. Confine ment resulted in similarly elevated renal and intestinal Na,K-ATPase activities in both PCB-fed and control fish; branchial enzyme activities were not affected. Since PCB did not affect Na,K-ATPase activities and plasma ion concentrations, it is concluded that the effects of PCB 126 on the HPI axis in tilapia are not secondary to ionoregulatory dysfunction © 1997 A cadem ic P ress

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Two cases ofras mutation associated with liver hyperplasia in dragonets (Callionymus lyra) exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Vincent

Boer²,

Pfohl‐Leszkowicz

et al. 1998

Mol. Carcinog.

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ras gene activation in a naturally exposed feral fish population may prove to be a particularly sensitive genetic marker of malignancy. The aim of this study was to relate our current knowledge of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioactivation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced DNA damage to ras gene activation in liver tumors from dragonets exposed to these environmental carcinogens. We identified a member of the ras gene family in the marine fish dragonet (Callionymus lyra). The first two exons of this new sequence showed a very high degree of homology with the human ras genes (81-86%) at the nucleic acid level and perfect homology at the amino-acid level. In a pilot study, we collected dragonets from the Seine estuary, an area highly contaminated with PAHs and PCBs. An increase in DNA adducts and an accumulation of ortho- and non-ortho-substituted chlorobiphenyls (CB-77, CB-126, and CB-169) were observed in the livers, a finding that correlates well with the levels of PAHs and PCBs in the sediment. Although liver neoplasia was uncommon, a codon 11 mutation was found in two fish with liver cell hyperplasia, suggesting a possible correlation between hepatic precancerous lesions and ras gene activation in dragonets.

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Non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine and freshwater fish and shellfish from The Netherlands

Cited by 113 publications

References 35 publications

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in fish from the Netherlands: concentrations, profiles and comparison with DR CALUX® bioassay results

Interrenal Stress Responsiveness of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Is Impaired by Dietary Exposure to PCB 126

Two cases ofras mutation associated with liver hyperplasia in dragonets (Callionymus lyra) exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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