Non-pharmacological Interventions for Intractable Epilepsy

Alqahtani, Faleh; Imran, Imran; Pervaiz, Hafsa; Ashraf, Waseem; Perveen, Nadia; Rasool, Muhammad Fawad; Alasmari, Abdullah F.; Alharbi, Metab; Samad, Noreen; Alqarni, Saleh A.; Al-Rejaie, Salim S.; Alanazi, Mohammed M.

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.016

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…An animal study reveals that tDCS modulates excitability in a polarity-specific manner and selectively affects subregions of the hippocampus [ 150 ]. Additionally, indirect stimulation of LC seems to work by activating the vagus-nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS)-LC by TMS [ 151 ]. Moreover, LC can be activated by behavioral approaches, such as novelty exposure [ 152 ], which is based on LC’s physiological function of alertness and arousal [ 153 , 154 ] (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder

Dai

Chen

et al. 2022

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of the review The abuse of opioids induces many terrible problems in human health and social stability. For opioid-dependent individuals, withdrawal memory can be reactivated by context, which is then associated with extremely unpleasant physical and emotional feelings during opioid withdrawal. The reactivation of withdrawal memory is considered one of the most important reasons for opioid relapse, and it also allows for memory modulation based on the reconsolidation phenomenon. However, studies exploring withdrawal memory modulation during the reconsolidation window are lacking. By summarizing the previous findings about the reactivation of negative emotional memories, we are going to suggest potential neural regions and systems for modulating opioid withdrawal memory. Recent findings Here, we first present the role of memory reactivation in its modification, discuss how the hippocampus participates in memory reactivation, and discuss the importance of noradrenergic signaling in the hippocampus for memory reactivation. Then, we review the engagement of other limbic regions receiving noradrenergic signaling in memory reactivation. We suggest that noradrenergic signaling targeting hippocampus neurons might play a potential role in strengthening the disruptive effect of withdrawal memory extinction by facilitating the degree of memory reactivation. Summary This review will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying reactivation-dependent memory malleability and will provide new therapeutic avenues for treating opioid use disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder

Dai

Chen

et al. 2022

Curr Addict Rep

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“…More than 70% of patients with epilepsy are controlled with AEDs. 57 These agents prevent seizures but do not cure epilepsy. Several types of medication that are used in a person depend on the type of seizure.…”

Section: Epilepsy Treatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Therapeutic Strategies in Epilepsies Using Anti-Seizure Medications

Rahim¹,

Azizimalamiri²,

Sayyah³

et al. 2021

JEP

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Epilepsies are among the most common neurological problems. The disease burden in patients with epilepsy is significantly high, and epilepsy has a huge negative impact on patients’ quality of life with epilepsy and their families. Anti-seizure medications are the mainstay treatment in patients with epilepsy, and around 70% of patients will ultimately control with a combination of at least two appropriately selected anti-seizure medications. However, in one-third of patients, seizures are resistant to drugs, and other measures will be needed. The primary goal in using experimental therapeutic medication strategies in patients with epilepsy is to prevent recurrent seizures and reduce the rate of traumatic events that may occur during seizures. So far, various treatments using medications have been offered for patients with epilepsies, which have been classified according to the type of epilepsy, the effectiveness of the medications, and the adverse effects. Medications such as Levetiracetam, valproic acid, and lamotrigine are at the forefront of these patients’ treatment. Epilepsy surgery, neuro-stimulation, and the ketogenic diet are the main measures in patients with medication-resistant epilepsies. In this paper, we will review the therapeutic approach using anti-seizure medications in patients with epilepsy. However, it should be noted that some of these patients still do not respond to existing treatments; therefore, the limited ability of current therapies has fueled research efforts for the development of novel treatment strategies. Thus, it seems that in addition to surgical measures, we should look for more specific agents that have less adverse events and have a greater effect in stopping seizures.

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“…A total of 20% of the general population develop symptomatic post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) within 1–2 years of injury but this incidence increases up to 50% in military personnel [ 107 ]. The pathophysiology of TBI-induced epileptogenesis includes increased excitotoxicity and free radical generation, due to accumulated glutamate and iron deposition, respectively [ 108 , 109 ].…”

Section: Tbi-associated Neurological Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities

Javaid

Farooq

Rehman

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The incidences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing globally because of expanding population and increased dependencies on motorized vehicles and machines. This has resulted in increased socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, as TBIs are often associated with mental and physical morbidities with lifelong dependencies, and have severely limited therapeutic options. There is an emerging need to identify the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these injuries to life-long neurodegenerative disease and a therapeutic strategy to counter them. This review highlights the dynamics and role of choline-containing phospholipids during TBIs and how they can be used to evaluate the severity of injuries and later targeted to mitigate neuro-degradation, based on clinical and preclinical studies. Choline-based phospholipids are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the neuronal/glial cell membranes and are simultaneously the essential component of various biochemical pathways, such as cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Choline or its metabolite levels increase during acute and chronic phases of TBI because of excitotoxicity, ischemia and oxidative stress; this can serve as useful biomarker to predict the severity and prognosis of TBIs. Moreover, the effect of choline-replenishing agents as a post-TBI management strategy has been reviewed in clinical and preclinical studies. Overall, this review determines the theranostic potential of choline phospholipids and provides new insights in the management of TBI.

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Non-pharmacological Interventions for Intractable Epilepsy

Cited by 27 publications

References 120 publications

The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder

The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder

Experimental Therapeutic Strategies in Epilepsies Using Anti-Seizure Medications

Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities

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