Non‐regularly shaped plasmon resonant nanoparticle as localized light source for near‐field microscopy

Kottmann, Joerg P.; Martin, Olivier J. F.; Smith, D. R.; Schultz, S.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00866.x

Cited by 95 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The spectral response of these nonregular particles could also be used for near-field optical microscopy, 69 nonradiative optical transfer, 13,14 and for building new active optical components. 16 Although we focused the present article on individual, noninteracting particles with a nonregular shape, it should be emphasized that similar Raman enhancements can be observed in interacting, regularly shaped particles, as recently investigated in Refs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

et al. 2001

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We investigate numerically the spectrum of plasmon resonances for metallic nanowires with a nonregular cross section, in the 20-50 nm range. We first consider the resonance spectra corresponding to nanowires whose cross sections form different simplexes. The number of resonances strongly increases when the section symmetry decreases: A cylindrical wire exhibits one resonance, whereas we observe more than five distinct resonances for a triangular particle. The spectral range covered by these different resonances becomes very large, giving to the particle-specific distinct colors. At the resonance, dramatic field enhancement is observed at the vicinity of nonregular particles, where the field amplitude can reach several hundred times that of the illumination field. This near-field enhancement corresponds to surface-enhanced Raman scattering ͑SERS͒ enhancement locally in excess of 10 12 . The distance dependence of this enhancement is investigated and we show that it depends on the plasmon resonance excited in the particle, i.e., on the illumination wavelength. The average Raman enhancement for molecules distributed on the entire particle surface is also computed and discussed in the context of experiments in which large numbers of molecules are used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of this electromagnetic enhancement for scanning near-field optical microscopy has been discussed in Ref. 69 and shall not be discussed here.…”

Section: B Implications For Sersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

et al. 2001

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“…This difference of distance dependence as a function of excited resonance, i.e. as a function of illumination wavelength, could be demonstrated by the approach curves in scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) experiments [51].…”

Section: Polarization Charge Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In [51] we showed that the field distribution obtained with a non-regular nanoparticle remains extremely well confined. At distances between 1 nm and 5 nm from the tip, the full width half-maximum (FWHM) of the lateral field distribution varies between 2 nm Fig.…”

Section: Field Enhancement and Sersmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Plasmon Resonances in Nanowires with a Non—regular Cross-Section

Martin

Topics in Applied Physics

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Abstract. We investigate numerically the spectrum of plasmon resonances for metallic nanowires with a non-regular cross-section in the 20-50 nm range. After briefly recalling the physical properties of metals at optical frequencies, we point out the intrinsic difficulties in the computation of the plasmon resonances for nanoparticles with a non-regular shape. We then consider the resonance spectra corresponding to nanowires whose cross-sections form different simplexes. The number of resonances strongly increases when the section symmetry decreases: A cylindrical wire exhibits one resonance, whereas we observe more than 5 distinct resonances for a triangular particle. The spectral range covered by these different resonances becomes very large, giving to the particle specific distinct colors. At the resonance, dramatic field enhancement is observed at the vicinity of non-regular particles, where the field amplitude can reach several hundred times that of the illumination field. This near-field enhancement corresponds to surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement locally in excess of 10 12 . The distance dependence of this enhancement is investigated and we show that it depends on the plasmon resonance excited in the particle, i.e. on the illumination wavelength. The average Raman enhancement for molecules distributed on the entire particle surface is also computed and discussed in the context of experiments in which large numbers of molecules are used. Finally we discuss the influence of the model permittivity which enters the calculation, as well as the resonances shift and broadening produced by a water background.

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Deposition on Nonconductors

Schlesinger

2010

Modern Electroplating

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At about the same time that electroplating of silver was first being practiced (circa 1840), plating on nonconductors was developed for the purpose of electroforming and for making copper-engraving plates. Nearly a century ago the art entered into its artistic phase, producing metallic artistic elements on glass, wood, and the like. The one surviving remnant of this phase is the gold-or copper-plated baby shoe. Earlier in this century the art was put to use in the service of more practical applications. Those include graphic arts, toys, buttons, records, and the like.In most of these applications a number of stages in the plating process were required. Typically the first of these was a roughening process. That was done mostly mechanically and sometimes chemically. As an example of the former we mention sandblasting, while as an example of the latter etching of glass with hydrofluoric acid comes to mind. The second stage is that of sealing, if required, such as in the case of wooden objects. The third and most important stage is the application of the conductive layer which then will make eventual electroplating possible. Here a number of methods were available to the plater:. Bronzing Metallic powder mixed in varnish is applied with a brush. A silver immersion dip coating, to improve conductivity, follows. . Graphiting Graphite powder with or without a lacquer binder is applied with a brush. . Metallic Painting Fused metallic paint, silver base, is dispersed in a flux, applied, and subsequently fired to above 500 C . Metallizing Metallic coating is directly produced by electrochemical (other than electroless) methods such as a SnCl 2 immersion followed by immersion in a silvering bath (consisting of silver nitrate and ammonium hydroxide). That bath is not autocatalytic.The next stage was electroplating. Since the initial conductivity is, as a rule, marginal, a copper strike solution was used to deposit the first 8-12 mm and a standard electroplating solution for the rest. (A typical strike solution was made of 75 g L À1 CuSO 4 ÁH 2 O as well as 2 mL L À1 H 2 SO 4 , resulting in a solution pH value of 2-2.5.) The final stage was that of polishing the finished product for appearance. Care had to be exercised not to overheat and thus damage the coating during polishing. RECENT DEVELOPMENTSIn the corresponding chapter by E. B. Saubestre in the third edition of Modern Electroplating, 1960 is stated as the watershed year. The reason is the number of important developments that took place then and changed the practice of plating on nonconductors from an art to a practical science along the following lines:1. Plateable Plastics It became evident to resin (particularly ABS, a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene) producers that the composition of the copolymer and the molding conditions could be adapted to facilitate the subsequent exposure to electrolytes used in the preparation of surfaces for electroplating. 2. Chemical Conditioners It was found that variants of older etchants for plastics could be used...

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Non‐regularly shaped plasmon resonant nanoparticle as localized light source for near‐field microscopy

Cited by 95 publications

References 16 publications

Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

Plasmon Resonances in Nanowires with a Non—regular Cross-Section

Deposition on Nonconductors

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