Non-Stationarities in Extra-Large-Scale Massive MIMO

Carvalho, Elisabeth de; Ali, Anum; Amiri, Abolfazl; Angjelichinoski, Marko; Heath, Robert W.

doi:10.1109/mwc.001.1900157

Cited by 185 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several measurement-based studies have demonstrated the above effects quantitatively (see [148]- [150] and [158]). Gao et al [150], [158] show the effects of spatial nonstationarities from a 128-element virtual linear array (movement of a single element along the horizontal track) in outdoor environments at 2.6 GHz over a 50-MHz bandwidth.…”

Section: Ultramassive Mimo Propagation Channelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The array that is spanned 7.4 m with halfwavelength spacing between the positions of successive elements was serving a single UE in LOS or NLOS propagation. De Carvalho et al [148] and Ali et al [149] report a similar measurement-based analysis of ultramassive MIMO channels, where a geometrical model is discussed to capture the effects of spatial nonstationarities. The discussed model is based on the massive MIMO extension of the COST 2100 model, which includes the concept of dynamic cluster appearance and disappearance that are unique to both link ends via separable scatterer visibility regions [159].…”

Section: Ultramassive Mimo Propagation Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities

Shafi²,

et al. 2021

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Mobile communications have been undergoing a generational change every ten years or so. However, the time difference between the so-called "G's" is also decreasing.While fifth-generation (5G) systems are becoming a commercial reality, there is already significant interest in systems beyond 5G, which we refer to as the sixth generation (6G) of wireless systems. In contrast to the already published papers on the topic, we take a top-down approach to 6G. More precisely, we present a holistic discussion of 6G systems beginning with lifestyle and societal changes driving the need for next-generation networks. This is followed by a discussion into the technical requirements needed to enable 6G applications, based on which we dissect key challenges and possibilities for practically realizable system solutions across all layers of the Open Systems Interconnection stack (i.e., from applications to the physical layer). Since many of the 6G applications

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Section: Ultramassive Mimo Propagation Channelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ultramassive Mimo Propagation Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities

Shafi²,

et al. 2021

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“…A specific model is required for channels involving large transmitting or receiving arrays or surfaces (massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), distributed MIMO). However, the channel model becomes non-stationary in space since certain parameters, e.g., path loss and angle of arrival (AoA), can not be assumed to be constant between the antennas [30]. Consistency across frequency bands will also be critical for reliable localization in environments where the user might be simultaneously using several bands, e.g., if the network makes use of the control and user plane separation (CUPS) principle.…”

Section: ) Consistent Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2021

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Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Ahmed Farouk .

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“…Since the antenna array in the XL-MIMO system is larger than the present in a conventional M-MIMO, it is also suitable to consider a system that distributes the signal processing at the BS. This is also convenient from the point of view of channel modeling, as discussed in [8].…”

Section: Cellular Extra-large Massive Mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the number of users is extremely high, it would be nice to have augmented spatial dimensions to increase the ability to separate users spatially and consequently reduce interference, which can be achieved mainly by increasing the physical size of the antenna array, but also by deploying more antennas. This new regime of extremely large antenna arrays was recently defined in [8], and named as extra-large scale Massive MIMO (XL-MIMO). Interestingly, there are new wireless channel phenomena that occur in XL-MIMO systems due to the greater proximity between users and antennas and the larger physical size of the antenna array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient receivers for cellular massive mimo systems and random access in cell-free networks.

Rodrigues¹

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Esta dissertação aborda dois problemas de interesse para viabilizar as futuras redes sem fio de quinta e sexta geração (5G e 6G, respectivamente): o projeto de receptores eficientes e o acesso aleatório massivo. O primeiro problemaé discutido no contexto de redes celulares em que um número massivo de antenas, centenas a milhares, na estação rádio-base (BS) serve um grande número de usuários, dezenas a centenas, constituindo um sistema de múltiplasentradas e múltiplas-saídas massivo (M-MIMO). Para tornar esses sistemas mais escaláveis, adotamos o projeto de receptores iterativos baseados no algoritmo de Kaczmarz. Estudamos técnicas de aceleração para aumentar a eficiência de tais receptores, bem como sua robustez aos diferentes efeitos do canal sem fio. Além de efeitos clássicos de atenuação de potência e da correlação espacial, os efeitos do canal considerados abrangem o regime de sistemas MIMO de escala extra-grande (XL-MIMO), com o surgimento das chamadas não-estacionaridades espaciais. Os projetos de receptores consideram tanto arquiteturas de hardware de banda base centralizadas quanto arquiteturas descentralizadas. Os resultados mostram que nossos projetos de receptores baseados em métodos iterativos acelerados permitem um melhor controle do compromisso desempenho-complexidade sob diferentes condições do canal sem-fio. O segundo problema está relacionado ao estudo de como o acesso aleatório massivo pode ser resolvido em sistemas M-MIMO livres de células. Adaptamos ao sistema M-MIMO livre-de-células o protocolo denominado resolução de colisões baseado no usuário mais forte (SUCRe), proposto inicialmente para sistemas M-MIMO celulares. Este estudo permite-nos compreender melhor como o fato das antenas estarem distribuídas geograficamente pode ajudar a suportar um maior número de acessos simultâneos em futuras redes sem fios conceitualmente centradas no usuário móvel.

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Non-Stationarities in Extra-Large-Scale Massive MIMO

Cited by 185 publications

References 14 publications

6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities

6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities

Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges

Efficient receivers for cellular massive mimo systems and random access in cell-free networks.

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