Non-Susceptibility of Mammals to the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophilus

Novelties in Pest Control by Entomopathogenic and Mollusc- Parasitic Nematodes

“…The safety of bacterial symbionts has been tested by oral, intradermal, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal applications of the bacterial cells to various model vertebrates generally producing no adverse effect [120,121]. There is, however, one exception, being Photorhabdus asymbiotica.…”

Entomogenous Nematodes for Insect Control in Ipm Systems

“…Since bacteria are not exempted from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration, many tests were conducted to determine the effect of the nematode-bacteria complex on vertebrates (see Obendorf et al 1983, and references therein). On the basis of such information the EPA has ruled that nematodes vectoring non-exempt biological control agents (bacteria) are also exempt from registration (Gorsuch 1982).…”

THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES HETERORHABDITIS SPP. (HETERORHABDITIDAE) AND STEINERNEMA SPP. (STEINERNEMATIDAE)

“…Gaugler and Boush (1979b) reported non-susceptibility of rats to intraperitoneal and peP os inoculation of S. feltiae and Poinar et al (1982) found that mice were not affected by subcutaneous and intracerebral inoculation of XenoPhabdus. Obendorf et al (1983) demonstrated similar non-susceptibility of guinea pigs, mice, rats and rabbits to the entomopathogenic bacterium XenoPhabdus nematophilus. The failure of X. nematophilus to infect the laboratory animals was thought to be due to the bacterium's inability to proliferate above 34°C, however Akhurst (1983a) has demonstrated that some XenoPhabdus symbionts of insect pathogenic nematodes grow at temperatures above 36°C.…”