Non-syndromic craniosynostosis in children: Scoping review

Abstract

BackgroundCraniosynostosis (CS) is a complex condition consisting of the early fusion of one or more cranial sutures in the intrauterine stage. The affected infant exhibits abnormal head shape at time of birth or shortly thereafter. It can be observed in normal individuals (non-syndromic CS or NSCS) or as a part of a multisystem syndrome. The purposes of the present article were to carry out a scoping review on Non-Syndromic CS and to discuss the most important findings retrieved.Material and MethodsThe steps of this scoping review were as follows: first, to pose a research question; second, to identify relevant studies to answer the research question; third, to select and retrieve the studies; fourth, to chart the critical data, and finally, to collate, summarize, and report the results from the most important articles. Relevant articles published over a 20-year period were identified and retrieved from five Internet databases: PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Library; Google Scholar, and EBSCO.ResultsFourteen articles were finally included in the present scoping review. The following four most important clinical issues are discussed: (i) normal cranial development, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of NCSC; (ii) clinical evaluation of NCSC; (iii) treatment and post-surgical follow-up; and (iv) additional considerations.ConclusionsNSCS may be present with associated head shapes. Multiple early surgical reconstructive options are currently available for the disorder. Pediatric Dentistry practitioners must be familiarized with this condition and form part of a multi-approach health team as those responsible for the opportune oral health care of the affected child. Key words:Craniosynostosis, cranial development, children, scoping review, dental management.

Epidemiology of craniosynostosis in Norway

“…Individuals with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis have no other major findings, and the midline sutures are most commonly affected.The reported incidence of craniosynostosis varies between 1 in 1600 and 1 in 4000 live births, and it seems to be increasing. [11][12][13][14][15] Syndromic craniosynostosis constitutes between 12% and 31% 10,11,15,16 of all cases. The sagittal suture is the most commonly affected suture, the proportion varying between 41% and 68%.…”

Comparative between Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Literature Review

“…CS occurs more commonly overall in boys than in girls. 2 Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is more commonly encountered than syndromic cases in pediatric craniofacial surgery. 5…”

“…1 The incidence of CS has been estimated at 1 per 2,000-2,500 live newborns, thus comprising the second most common craniofacial disorder after orofacial clefts. 2 Craniosynostosis occurs in 1 in 2100 to 1 in 2500 births and may be either nonsyndromic (also referred to as isolated) or syndromic. In syndromic craniosynostosis, other birth defects are present next to the craniosynostosis.…”

Long-term Outcomes of Non-syndromic and Syndromic Craniosynostosis: Analysis of Demographic, Morphologic, and Surgical Factors

“…4,5) Of these cases, syndromic craniosynostosis constitutes between 12% and 31%. 1,4,[6][7][8] Many surgical procedures have been introduced to treat craniosynostosis. Before 1980, only affected sutures were removed.…”