Brain tumors are the most common disease group of solid tumors in childhood, and children with brain tumors have a relatively poor survival rate. Epidemiologic data from a hospital-based registry provide the necessary information to obtain a full picture of the frequency of this disease, which is a great challenge in pediatric oncology. One hundred thirty four tumors in children between 0 and 17 years of age diagnosed between 2013 to 2017 were classified according the sex, and topography. Incidence of brain tumor in boys were higher than girls. From the registry data, the prevalence for boys was higher (67%). In the whole series, 54% were supratentorial, 46% infratentorial. The most common histopathologic pattern seen in the registry were pilocytic astrocytoma which accounts for 42 cases (31%) followed by medulloblastoma and craniopharygioma with the percentage of 25% and 18% respectively. The least histopathologic pattern of pediatric tumor seen in our center are diffuse astrocytoma and choroid plexus papiloma which was only seen in 1 patient for the last 5 years of our experience.

Introduction. Meningiomas accounts for one-third of all adult central nervous system tumors and by far the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Despite their high prevalence, it remains challenging to predict their biological and clinical behavior. To date, it has been accepted that the extent of surgical resection and histological grade are the most reliable factors to predict the recurrence of meningiomas. HER2 and MAPK3 represent a well-known prognostic factor in various tumors, however only a few studies on the relationship between meningioma recurrence, HER2, and MAPK3 expression. This report presents additional data that support the relationship between the expression HER2 and MAPK3 with recurrent of meningioma.Case: We report 39 years-old-female with recurrent meningioma. The patient had tumor removal a year ago. After the first resection, the tumor demonstrated rapid growth with significant invasion to neighboring dural tissue and brain parenchyma, which resulted in impaired brain function and intracranial hypertension manifested as severe headache, vomiting, and coma. Histopathological examination confirms a malignant meningioma (WHO grade I). The patient had the second craniotomy for tumor removal, and we performed immunohistochemical staining. The result was positive for HER2 and MAPK3Conclusion: HER2 and MAPK3 might be a reliable predictor of recurrent meningiomas.Â

Abstract Introduction: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors are the most prevalent and frequent neoplasm in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Brain and CNS tumors are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years old. Previous studies in several countries have reported the incidence rate of primary brain and CNS tumors in children and adolescent, ranged from 1.08 to 5.57 per 100,000 population. The incidence of brain tumor in pediatric patients has increased in the past decades, due to innovations in the imaging studies and the increase of benign form diagnoses. The highest occurrence of pediatric brain tumor is in the United States. Based on the study by Rictherova et al. in 2018, according to the age groups, the highest incidence is in adolescents aging 15-19 years with 6.38 per 100,000 children, followed by children aging under 1 year with 6.2 per 100,000 children. Method: A total of 58 patients were reported in this study. Data was collected from medical bank data of Neurosurgical Department of Faculty of Medicine of North Sumatera in Indonesia. The variables that we collected were as follows: gender, tumor diagnosis, Glasgow-Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and age group. We classified age group into <1 year, 2-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years old. The data was computed using the SPSS 25th edition. Result: Out of 58 diagnosis, boys were the predominance frequency with a total of 69% and girls were 31%. most patients had medulloblastoma (27.6%) followed by glioma (24.1%), craniopharyngioma (8.6%), and meningioma (8.6%). Other types of tumor, namely cerebral abscess, cerebromalacia, choroid plexus papilloma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, neurofibromatosis 1, soft tissue tumor, were accounted for 1.7%, respectively Discussion: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors are the most prevalent and frequent neoplasm in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Brain and CNS tumors are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years old. In our study, from a total of 58 patients, most of the patients (69%) were boys with a frequency of 40. Girls were only accounted for 18 (31%). A study by Stiller et al. in 2019 regarding incidence of childhood CNS tumors in Britain also reported similar result, with 2275 boys and 1891 girls out of 4166 tumor patients. The most common diagnosis was medulloblastoma (27.6%), in line with the study by Stiller et al. and Suresh et al. The most common age group with brain tumor was 10-14 years old (34.5%). Conclusion: Based on our study, from the total of 58 patients, most of the patients were boys (69%). The most common tumor diagnosis in our study was medulloblastoma (27.6%) followed by glioma (24.1%). The results in our study had been in line with other literatures. However, the age group distribution was not in line with other literatures as our study reported the age group of 10-14 years old having the highest percentage of brain tumors. Overall, this study had reported the demographic result of pediatric brain tumor in Adam Malik General Hospital from 2019-2020.

Introduction: Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary tumor in children and adolescents, accounting for approximately 15.6% of all brain tumors and 5.4% of all gliomas. The incidence of tumors substantially decreases with age and diagnosis in patients older than 50 years is less common. According to the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), its development is more common in the first two decades of life and there are few reports in the age group over 18 years. Case Report: An 8-year-old girl was brought by her parents with complaints of loss of consciousness. This happened 2 days before admission to the hospital. The patient was prepared for craniotomy tumor removal. During the operation, the tumor specimen was sent to Anatomical Pathology for histopathological examination. The examination revealed calcified Rosenthal Fibers and eosinophilic granular bodies. Discussion : Astrocytic tumors originate from neuroepithelial tissue and are grade I because of their well-defined and slow-growing nature. They are mostly found in infratentorial structures such as the cerebellum and in the midline of brain structures such as the optic nerve, hypothalamus, and brainstem. However, it can be found anywhere on the neuroaxis. Considered relatively rare in adults, there are few publications on the most efficient treatment methods and subsequent patient outcomes. Conclusion: Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) treated with complete or near complete tumor resection tends to have a better prognosis, recent studies recommend aggressive tumor resection without neurologic deficits.

Introduction: In Indonesia, cases of hydrocephalus in children are found in 40% to 50% of medical visits or neurosurgical operations. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was one of choices for treat the patient but efficacy and effects still unknown. Purpose of this study is to broadly assess the outcome of treatments and review evidence that one treatment may have greater efficacy than another. Method: Researchers develop PICO questions. Demographic information, detailed methods, interventions, and results were extracted from the selected manuscripts. Of the 122 articles identified using optimized search parameters, 52 were withdrawn for full-text review. In total, 6 articles were accepted for inclusion in the evidentiary table and 8 were excluded for various reasons. Result: The tabulated evidence provides sufficient data to allow our evaluation of the CSF versus ETV shunt. Conclusion: CSF shunt and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are options in the management of hydrocephalus in children