Non-Thyroidal Illness: Physiopathology and Clinical Implications

Mancini, Antonio; Raimondo, Sebastiano; Segni, Chantal Di; Persano, Mariasara; Pontecorvi, Alfredo

doi:10.5772/55644

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Moreover, plasma levels of small antioxidant molecules, such as Vitamin E and CoQ 10 , and thyroid hormones are closely related to each other [ 2 , 17 ]. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS and special cases are the autoimmune thyroiditis or the functional picture of low-T 3 syndrome, observed in acute and chronic nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) [ 17 – 19 ]. It is still debated whether NTIS represents an adaptive response or a real hypothyroidism at the tissue level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Mancini

Segni

Raimondo

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Mancini

Segni

Raimondo

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

Self Cite

375

254

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“…Hypothyroidism is one of the most common dysfunction of the thyroid gland, accompanied by inhibition of many functions of organs and systems and lead to restructuring thyroid [1][2][3][4][5]. According to some epidemiological studies in some populations, the prevalence of hypothyroidism reaches 10-12 % [1,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, according to the various estimates of significant share of the European and world pharmaceutical marketoccupied by herbal products, this share is approximately 30-50 % [2,10]. Arsenal of thyroid-stimulating drugs in Ukraine is characterized by uniformity of dosage forms, the predominance of imported producers, and the lack of herbal drugs [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correcting Effect of Aqueous Extract From Duckweed Lemna Minorfrond on Morphological State of Thyroid Gland in Rats With Hypothyroidism

Кононенко

Кравченко

2016

EUREKA: Life Sciences

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The present work studied the effect of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond on morphological state of the thyroid gland in the experimental hypothyroidism. Healthy albino rats weighing between 120 g and 150 g were used. The animalswere randomly allotted into four groups, each containing ten rats respectively. Three of the groups (II, III and IV) induced with hypothyroidism by 1 % solution of sodium perchlorate with drinking water for 20 days. Control (vehicle) rats were given normal saline. After 20 days hypothyroid groups (III and IV) of rats treated with aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond at a dose 0.5 ml/100 g of body weight and with Iodomarin 200 (reference drug) at a dose 12 µg/kg daily orally for 21 days. Results obtained from the study showed that the introduction of sodium perchlorate leads to morphological and functional changes in the structure of the thyroid gland in rats, accompanied by sings of hyperplastic tissue proliferation and corresponds with hypofunctional state. It was established that introduction of aqueous extract from duckweed Lemna minor frond has a positive effect on the restructuring of the thyroid gland in rats with hypothyroidism, increasing its functional activity. There is a decrease of proliferative processes by extrafolliсular epithelium and thyrocytes in the follicles. The outer diameter of follicles decreased by 7.65 % (P>0.05), the height and size of thyrocytes in the wall of the follicle were significantly decreased by 58.16 % and 18 41 %, respectively, compared to untreated hypothyroid group. The obtained results have practical significance for the development of drugs with thyroid-stimulating action for preventing or delaying the development of hypothyroidism and its complications.

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“…For this reason, the research of an index of tissue effects of thyroid hormones could really be relevant. Moreover LAG itself could be considered as an index of hypothyroidism at tissue level, as suggested by our findings in hypothyroid patients [38] and in situations of low T3 syndrome [39]. In fact, both the extremes of thyroid function (hyper-and hypothyroidism) are known to cause OS.…”

Section: Endocrine Carementioning

confidence: 63%

Thyroid Function and its Implications in Oxidative Stress Influencing the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Cohort Study

et al. 2016

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People with Down syndrome (DS) show lower bone mass density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism compared to general population. Furthermore, DS is a well-known high oxidative stress (OS) condition because genes involved in OS map on chromosome 21. Thyroid function too is involved in OS. Since both thyroid function and OS lead to lower BMD and osteoporotic fractures, we have explored correlations among BMD, thyroid hormones, and parameters of OS in DS adults. A total of 105 DS patients (48 males; 21-71 years; mean BMI 28.88±7.12 kg/m(2)) were enrolled in a cohort study, 48 of them undergoing thyroid replacement therapy. We evaluated thyroid function, BMD, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in blood plasma. TAC was assayed by H2O2-metmyoglobin system, as source of radicals, and by the chromogenous ABTS, with a latency time (LAG) in the appearance of its cation ABTS+proportional to antioxidant concentration. BMD was evaluated with DEXA, using WHO criteria to classify osteoporosis. Low BMD was found in 83.78% of patients. TSH and LAG did not correlate with BMD. Nevertheless, LAG significantly correlates to Z-scores estimated at the lumbar spine (r(2)=0.558; p=0.03) in hypothyroid patients. Our data show that low TAC could be more associated with reduced BMD rather than TSH itself in DS patients and that the OS could have a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis regarding the hypothyroid subgroup.

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Non-Thyroidal Illness: Physiopathology and Clinical Implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 105 publications

Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Correcting Effect of Aqueous Extract From Duckweed Lemna Minorfrond on Morphological State of Thyroid Gland in Rats With Hypothyroidism

Thyroid Function and its Implications in Oxidative Stress Influencing the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis in Adults with Down Syndrome: A Cohort Study

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