Non-timber Forest Products: Concept and Definitions

Shackleton, Charlie M.; Delang, Claudio O.; Shackleton, Sheona; Shanley, Patrícia

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17983-9_1

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While nontimber forest products have received increasing attention (Shackleton et al, 2011, Kerns et al, 2002, Ticktin, 2004, our research found relatively little literature relating to their sustainable harvest (Wong, 2000). We did not find any research recommending guidelines for harvest of bloodroot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) Extent and Sustainability in Western North Carolina

Furgurson¹,

Cubbage²,

Sills³

et al. 2012

OJF

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Bloodroot distribution and abundance were assessed in the Waynesville watershed in Western North Carolina. This high quality site provides a benchmark for bloodroot populations in the region. Summary data from an inventory of nine stands of bloodroot in the watershed are presented. Analysis of inventory data reveals that both petiole height and petiole diameter are negatively associated with overstory tree DBH, suggesting that there is an optimal overstory structure for bloodroot. In the Waynesville watershed, seven out of nine stands have an average tree DBH between 27.38 cm and 36.17 cm. Allometric equations relating belowground biomass to bloodroot petiole height and diameter have strong explanatory power, indicating that harvesters could selectively harvest large rhizomes by targeting plants with larger petioles. These results in combination with natural history, field observations and literature provide insights on the sustainability of bloodroot harvest in Southern Appalachia. Wild bloodroot is likely becoming scarce due to loss of favorable sites, such as rich cove forests, as well as harvest pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) Extent and Sustainability in Western North Carolina

Furgurson¹,

Cubbage²,

Sills³

et al. 2012

OJF

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“…The plant is comprised of large spinescent cladodes (20–30 cm long). The apical cladodes produce several spiny, egg‐sized fruits in mid‐ to late summer (December–March), which are collected directly from the plant and consumed by the household or sold locally (Shackleton, Kirby & Gambiza ; Wotshela & Beinert ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non‐timber forest products (NTFPs) include an amazing array of species and biological products that are harvested from natural, partially and wholly transformed landscapes for a range of uses by local communities (Belcher ; Shackleton et al . ). Common uses are for household consumption, cash saving, income generation, buffering in times of household shock and for cultural purposes (Shackleton ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecosystem‐scale impacts of non‐timber forest product harvesting: effects on soil nutrients

Ruwanza

Shackleton

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary The harvesting of non‐timber forest products (NTFPs) is a global phenomenon, the sustainability of which has been studied for many species at the individual and population level. However, the broader scale impacts of NTFP harvesting have been acknowledged but rarely examined. We assessed plant size and the soil attributes undercanopy and in the open, in replicate, paired harvested and non‐harvested sites for three NTFPs differing in the extent of biomass removed, i.e. timber for firewood from a tree (Acacia karroo), fruits from a cactus (Opunita ficus‐indica) and flowering culms from a grass (Cymbopogon marginatus). Soil variables tested included pH, resistivity, P, total N, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, K, Na, Ca and Mg. The extent of loss of soil nutrients decreased across the three NTFPs relative to the proportion of biomass removed. Thus, significant differences in more soil variables were evident for the firewood species, least for the fruit species and intermediate for the grass species. Lower soil pH, P, C and K were evident in soils collected underneath A. karroo, while losses in cations of Na, Ca and Mg were reported in soils underneath C. marginatus, and only NO3N losses were recorded underneath O. ficus‐indica. Synthesis and applications. Our study reveals that while non‐timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting may affect soil nutrients, this is not uniform between species and is likely to be a function of the extent of biomass removed and harvesting frequency. This indicates the need for caution in generalisations about the ecosystem‐level impacts of NTFP harvesting as well as a concerted effort to better understand impacts at a greater range of scales than has been the case to date.

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“…It has gradually been recognised that the concept of NTFP is a generic one Belcher et al (2005) and that there exists a large variety of products derived from animals, plants or fungi. Furthermore, there is a wide range of NTFP production systems including the collection of products from the wild, domestication in agroforestry systems, enrichment planting in the wild and cultivation on an intensive commercial scale (Ros-Tonen and Wiersum, 2005;Shackleton et al, 2011a). Again, the market systems for NTFPs range from domestic to international value chains which are either producer or buyer-driven (Ingram et al, 2012;Te Velde et al, 2006).…”

Section: Non-timber Forest Products In the Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The governance of indigenous natural products in Namibia : nature, diversity and dynamics

Ndeinoma

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Since the 1990s the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to the objectives of biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation received much international attention. Against this background, specific emphasis has been placed on developing sustainable commercialisation of devil's claw (Harpagophytum species) in Namibia. In this chapter, a discourse analysis is applied to examine how the different international perspectives on biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation have shaped the development and transformation of the National Policy on Utilisation of Devil's Claw Products in Namibia. The chapter analyses the main contents of the international discourses on NTFP commercialisation, biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation as spearheaded by conservation agreements and organisations such as CBD, CITES and TRAFFIC, and on how these discourses were articulated at the national level in specific storylines that are supported by different discourse coalitions. Two national discourses are identified. The first focuses on sustainable utilisation and management. It includes storylines on regulation of wild harvest, incentives for sustainable management and enhancement of community-based institutions. The second discourse focuses on commercialisation as a means of poverty alleviation. It includes two more specific orientations. The first concerns ethical sourcing through exclusive purchase agreements and facilitation of market competition; the second focuses on cultivation and biotechnology, stressing the development of large-scale plantations and enrichment planting for small-scale farmers, respectively. This chapter discusses the manner in which these different discourses, storylines and coalitions impacted actual policy development in Namibia. In order to further this policy, there is a need to establish a communicative network through which a common understanding of sustainable and ethical practices for sourcing and cultivating devil's claw can be established in Namibia.

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Non-timber Forest Products: Concept and Definitions

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) Extent and Sustainability in Western North Carolina

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis L.) Extent and Sustainability in Western North Carolina

Ecosystem‐scale impacts of non‐timber forest product harvesting: effects on soil nutrients

The governance of indigenous natural products in Namibia : nature, diversity and dynamics

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