Non-tuberculous cutaneous mycobacterioses

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis, previously known as atypical, anonymous, opportunistic, or unclassified mycobacteriosis, refers to pathogenic mycobacterioses other than those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae . These mycobacteria are known for their environmental distribution, mainly in water and soil. The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis has been increasing in all countries and skin infections are being increasingly studied, mainly with the increase in immunosuppressive conditions and the development of new medications that affect immunological function. In the present article, a detailed narrative review of the literature is carried out to study the main non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis that cause diseases of the skin and appendages. The article also aims to present a historical context, followed by epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of these diseases. Practical considerations about the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis are detailed.

Remember the Fite: A Case of Cutaneous Mycobacterium fortuitum Infection

“…Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) constitute mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and those that do not cause leprosy, and are divided into 2 major subgroups defined by their ability to grow on solid culture media: (1) fast-growing mycobacteria and (2) slow-growing mycobacteria. [1][2][3][4] Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is a fast-growing NTM, commonly found in natural and processed water, sewage, and dirt. [1][2][3][4] When cultured, growth is typically evident after 3-to-5 days.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) is a fast-growing NTM, commonly found in natural and processed water, sewage, and dirt. [1][2][3][4] When cultured, growth is typically evident after 3-to-5 days. [1][2][3][4] Skin and soft-tissue infections may be acquired by direct inoculation post-trauma, medical injection, surgery, or tattoo placement.…”

Protective Efficacy of BCG Vaccine against Mycobacterium leprae and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

“…Type I can only produce a yellow pigment in the presence of sunlight, i.e., photochromogen, type II can produce pigments irrespective of the presence of light, i.e., scotochromogen, and type III produce very little or no pigmentation, i.e., achromogen. Type IV or RGM is not associated with the characteristic of pigmentation [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Resurfacing defects from mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections using thoracodorsal artery perforator free flaps

“…Mycobacterial infections are not rare, but SSTIs account for a low percentage of cases. SSTIs show nonspecific symptoms ranging from minor wounds, such as localized ulcers or abscesses, to systemic reactions in immunosuppressed patients [3][4][5]. In mycobacterial SSTIs, mycobacterial culture is the main method of diagnosis, but culture time can exceed several weeks and the detection rate is low.…”

“…A combination of antibiotics has been suggested for mild forms of mycobacterial SSTIs [1][2][3][6][7][8][9]. Surgical intervention has also been recommended for abscesses, deep ulcers, or complicated cases such as those involving osteomyelitis or arthritis [1,4,6].…”