Non‐typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> infections in children: Review of literature and recommendations for management

Wen, Sophie; Best, Emma; Nourse, Clare

doi:10.1111/jpc.13585

Cited by 136 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Although the predominance of NTS subtypes varies from one geographical region to other, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. enterica were the three major NTS subtypes commonly isolated from gastroenteritis patients. The SalmSurv, a WHO-supported foodborne disease surveillance network study reported that S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis cause approximately 80% of all the human cases, which corroborates with our results; where S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis were the major sub types identified in our study (32). An alarming increase in the antibiotic resistance by NTS was reported elsewhere (11,12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) especially the invasive NTS (iNTS) is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Objectives: We determined the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility of NTS and iNTS isolated from stool and blood samples of children aged 2 -15 years, respectively. Methods: A total of 537 stool and 405 blood samples were collected from 613 children with symptomatic gastroenteritis between January 2016 and May 2018. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results:A total of a total of 213 (39.7%) and 165 (40.7%) stool and blood samples grew Salmonella sp, respectively. Of these; 54 (10.1%) and 38 (9.4%) were identified as NTS and iNTS, respectively. Nalidixic acid (54.3%) resistance was the most the predominant resistance followed by ciprofloxacin (47.8%), cefotaxime (41.3%) and gentamicin (39.1%) among our isolates. The rate of resistance among iNTS was comparable and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed in the resistance pattern between NTS and iNTS isolates. Among the resistant isolates, blaCMY-2gene (32.6%) was the most commonly detected gene. Conclusions: Overall, Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant species identified and blaCMY-2was the predominant gene amplified by our isolates. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among iNTS is a cause of concern and reiterates the need to test blood samples along with the stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) commonly causes gastroenteritis (salmonellosis) in humans and pigs [30] but human typhoid fever-like illness in mice [31]. S. Typhimurium can also cause life-threatening invasive diseases in immunocompromised individuals [32]. The intracellular environment and frequent multidrug resistance protect Salmonella enterica against extracellular antibiotics and facilitates disease relapse [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium

Šplı́chal

Donovan

Jenistova

et al. 2019

IJMS

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High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.

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“…O przynależności pałeczek Salmonella do określonych grup serologicznych decyduje natomiast budowa antygenu somatycznego a utworzone przez różne cukry proste konfiguracje chemiczne decydują o jego swoistości serologicznej. Jest to najbardziej zewnętrzna część LPS którą można uzyskać z komórki bakteryjnej różnymi metodami, w tym metodą ekstrakcji kwasem trójchlorooctowym (metoda Boivina) lub mieszaniną fenolu z wodą (metoda Westphala) (3,6,7,14).…”

Section: Materiał I Metodyunclassified

Absorption of non-specific antibodies with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium suspensions from tested serum samples as a useful method in serodiagnosis of salmonellosis carried out by ELISA for epidemiological surveillance

Rastawicki¹,

Rokosz‐Chudziak²,

Śmietańska³

et al. 2019

Med Dosw Mikrobiol

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Introduction: Diagnosis of salmonellosis is usually made by stool culture however in many laboratories ELISA for the detection of human serum antibodies against mixture of LPS antigens of the two predominant serovars of Salmonella was developed. We present the method of absorbing non-specific antibodies with S. Enteritidis (serovars D) and S. Typhimurium (serovars B) suspensions from serum samples as a useful method in serodiagnosis of salmonellosis carried out by ELISA. This simple, cost-efficient and effective method of absorption may be used in the epidemiological investigations. Methods: We used in-house ELISA three different antigens: LPS of the S. Enteritidis, LPS of the S. Typhimurium and 1:1 mixture of LPS of both serovars. Serum samples collected from 14 patients with salmonellosis, were absorbed with 20% bacterial suspensions obtained from S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and mixture of both serovars (serovars B+D). The non-absorbed sera and sera after particular absorptions were tested separately in ELISA with all three antigens. Results: The all 14 non-absorbed serum samples showed a high positive results in the IgA, IgG and IgM ELISA with all three LPS antigens. Absorption of the 13 from 14 tested samples with the Salmonella B suspension resulted in a significant decrease in the level of antibodies to Salmonella B antigen, but only a very slight decrease in the levels of Salmonella B + D and Salmonella D antigen. On the other hand, the absorption of the same sera with Salmonella D suspension, caused a significant decrease in the level of antibodies for serovars D, B and B + D antigens. Such a test result clearly shows that the 13 serum samples were obtained from patients with an infection caused by S. Enteritidis (serogroup D). A opposite picture of the humoral response was obtained in the case of one serum sample obtained from a subject with an infection caused by S. Typhimurium (serogroup B). Conclusions: The presented work demonstrates the usefulness of absorption of non-specific antibodies with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium suspensions in serodiagnosis of salmonellosis carried out by ELISA.

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Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections in children: Review of literature and recommendations for management

Cited by 136 publications

References 47 publications

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium

Absorption of non-specific antibodies with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium suspensions from tested serum samples as a useful method in serodiagnosis of salmonellosis carried out by ELISA for epidemiological surveillance

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