Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Increased Risk of Reflux Esophagitis

Yang, Hyo‐Joon; Chang, Yoosoo; Park, Soo-Kyung; Jung, Yoon Suk; Park, Jung Ho; Park, Dong Il; Cho, Yong Kyun; Ryu, Seungho; Sohn, Chong Il

doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4805-6

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A cross-sectional study which involved a total of 2340 individuals in Korea suggested that NAFLD was linked to an increased prevalence of reflux oesophagitis with unadjusted OR of 1.95 (95% CI: 1.47-2.60). 13 Again, a cross-sectional study totalling 17 445 Korean adults who underwent a health check and endoscopy found a 1.44-fold increased risk of erosive oesophagitis in nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting an independent association between NAFLD and oesophagitis regardless of obesity. 11 Similarly, Catanzaro et al found that NAFLD was linked to an increased prevalence of GERD symptoms in a cross-sectional study totalling 206 subjects and adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors (adjusted OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 2.24-5.44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most importantly, this positive association between NAFLD and GERD remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, triglyceride and other metabolic risk factors. 13 Again, a cross-sectional study totalling 17 445 Korean adults who underwent a health check and endoscopy found a 1.44-fold increased risk of erosive oesophagitis in nonobese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting an independent association between NAFLD and oesophagitis regardless of obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Increasing evidence suggests that NAFLD is not only associated with liver-related morbidity or mortality but can also increase the risk of extra-hepatic complications, such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the results from such studies have been conflicting so far. Recently, the link of NAFLD with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has attracted considerable scientific interests.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several cross-sectional and cohort studies have investigated the association between NAFLD and the risk of GERD. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the results from such studies have been conflicting so far. Some studies demonstrated a higher prevalence of GERD among patients with NAFLD compared with the general population, while other studies failed to find any significant association between NAFLD and the risk of GERD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Xue

Hua

Ren

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background Increasing evidence indicates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of extra‐hepatic conditions. However, it is currently uncertain whether NAFLD is associated with the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of relevant studies to examine the association between NAFLD and the risk of GERD. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from 1 January 1975 to 15 December 2018, using predefined terms to identify cross‐sectional, case‐control and cohort studies investigating the association between NAFLD and GERD. Results Nine observational studies involving 185 118 subjects were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Overall, NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of GERD (random effect OR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12‐1.44, I2 = 82%). Moreover, the significant association between NAFLD and GERD was consistent both for studies with adjusted OR/HR (n = 6, random effect OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.30) and those with unadjusted OR/HR (n = 3, random effect OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62‐2.56) as measures of effect. Both funnel plot and Egger's test suggested the existence of publication bias. However, a sensitivity analysis by sequentially omitting each study did not alter the pooled outcome,suggesting the robustness of the association. Conclusion NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of GERD. However, future large and cohort studies are still needed to determine the causal relationship between NAFLD and the risk of GERD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Xue

Hua

Ren

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…In South Korea, the Industrial Safety and Health Law requires annual or biennial health screening examinations of all employees, offered free of charge. Upper endoscopy is widely performed as a part of routine comprehensive health examination in Korea [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Relation between Waist Circumference within the Normal Range and Development of Reflux Esophagitis

Yang

Chang

Park

et al. 2019

JCM

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We examined the association of abdominal obesity and waist circumference within normal range with the incidence of reflux esophagitis, separately in men and women. This cohort study involved 142,679 Korean adults without reflux esophagitis, who underwent upper endoscopy at baseline and during follow-up. Waist circumference was categorized into the following quartiles: <80, 80.1–85, 85.1–90, and ≥90.1 cm in men; and <69.3, 69.3–74, 74.1–79.5, and ≥79.6 cm in women. During the 551,877.8 person-years of follow-up, 29,509 participants developed reflux esophagitis. The association between waist circumference quartiles and risk of reflux esophagitis significantly differed with sex (p for interaction < 0.001). In men, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) comparing waist circumference quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to the lowest quartile were 1.03 (0.99–1.07), 1.08 (1.04–1.12), and 1.15 (1.10–1.19), respectively. In women, HRs (95% CIs) comparing quartiles 1, 2, and 4 to the 3rd quartile were 1.10 (1.04–1.17), 1.03 (0.98–1.10), and 1.07 (1.01–1.13), respectively. In this large cohort with endoscopic follow-up, the risk of reflux esophagitis increased with increasing waist circumference even within the normal range in men, whereas the risk increased with low normal waist circumference or with abdominal obesity in women, indicating a U-shaped association.

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Longitudinal Outcomes Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis of 129 Studies

Chan,

Ong,

Chung

et al. 2024

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Increased Risk of Reflux Esophagitis

Abstract: In this large cohort of Korean men and women, participants with NAFLD exhibited increased incidence of reflux esophagitis independent of possible confounders, suggesting that NAFLD contributes to the development of reflux esophagitis.

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sex Differences in the Relation between Waist Circumference within the Normal Range and Development of Reflux Esophagitis

Longitudinal Outcomes Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Meta-analysis of 129 Studies

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