Nonaqueous electrochemistry of polypyrrole/polystyrenesulfonate composite films: voltammetric, coulometric, EPR, and a.c. impedance studies

Evidence of redox interactions between polypyrrole and Fe3O4 in polypyrrole–Fe3O4 composite films

“…This result confirms the assumption that magnetite incorporated into PPy preserves the polymer to further oxidation and can conserve the polymer conductivity state upon time. Both Raman spectroscopy and resistance from EIS measurements are consistent with each other and with previous results of Elliot et al [31]. These authors combined resistance and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of PPy films and have shown that the resistance is minimum when the ESR signal is maximum, indicating that polaronic species are the main responsible by charge transportation.…”

Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole Films: Influence of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Platinum Co-Deposition

“…Additionally, the presence of magnetite into the film not only stabilizes the polaronic form of the polypyrrole, but also preserves the polymer from further oxidation. These results were consistent with previous results showed by Elliot et al (Elliott et al, 1991); the authors combined resistance and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of PPy films and they observed that electric resistance is minimum when the ESR signal is maximum, indicating that polaronic species are the main responsible by charge transportation (Elliott et al, 1991). In the same direction, investigations performed by Deng et al suggested that the interaction mechanism between the PPy and the Fe 3 O 4 may involve the interaction between lone pair electrons of the nitrogen atom in PPy chain with the 3d orbital of iron atom to form a coordinate bond, reducing the energy level interval of the pyrrole ring (Deng et al, 2003).…”

Conductive Polymers: Electroplating of Organic Films

“…Among these composite films, the one that consists of a polyanion with a p-type conducting polymer has many anionic groups that are neutralized by the many cations of the electrolyte. By using a composite of a p-type polymer and a polyanion, Shimidzu and other researchers proposed and developed a rockingchair-type rechargeable battery system, although the system used either an aqueous or nonaqueous electrolyte that is not applicable to a lithium battery system [33,34]. By using a composite of a p-type polymer and a polyanion, Shimidzu and other researchers proposed and developed a rockingchair-type rechargeable battery system, although the system used either an aqueous or nonaqueous electrolyte that is not applicable to a lithium battery system [33,34].…”