Nonaqueous phase liquid transport and cleanup: 1. Analysis of mechanisms

Hunt, James R.; Sitar, Nicholas; Udell, Kent S.

doi:10.1029/wr024i008p01247

Cited by 366 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The physical displacement is influenced by steam boiling point. Contaminants with low boiling point than water show greater recoveries [30][31][32][33][34]. The steam temperature, variable temperature and ambient temperature plays an important factor in the performance of SEE [14,18,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam-Enhanced Extraction Experiments, Simulations and Field Studies for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Removal: A Review

Azizan

Kamaruddin

Chelliapan

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Experiments, simulations and field studies for dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) removal have demonstrated successful recovery through steam-enhanced extraction. Steam-enhanced extraction is an innovative technology for soil and groundwater remediation to remove as much contamination as possible. Most of researchers study the main DNAPL recovery mechanisms such as physical displacement by vaporization, evaporation and condensation, reduction in interfacial tension and DNAPL viscosity influenced by temperature. Other removal mechanism such as steam distillation and steam stripping also has been studied. The removal of DNAPL using steam-enhanced extraction shall be investigated to identify, acquire, analyze, visualize, and evaluate the effectiveness of the remediation. Several parameters can be controlled to justify the successful of the remediation. A comprehensive understanding of the subsurface environment, multiphase fluid flow and the physical processes is required to prevent remediation failure. Thus, it will avoid continuous contamination of the subsurface environment. The researcher can quantify the reduction in contamination remediation and acquire high quality data sets to validate future numerical model. Aim of this paper is to review and to summarize the existing laboratory experiment, simulations and field studies from other researchers regarding steam-enhanced extraction for dense non-aqueous phase liquid removal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam-Enhanced Extraction Experiments, Simulations and Field Studies for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Removal: A Review

Azizan

Kamaruddin

Chelliapan

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…Interphase mass transfer depends on small-scale details of NAPL phase distribution, such as the contact area between NAPL and surrounding phases. At small (irreducible) saturations NAPLs are not spread out volumetrically throughout the pore space; rather, they are present as thin threads, called "ganglia", whose length and thickness typically may be of the order of 1 m and 1 mm, respectively (Hunt et al, 1988). This will cause limitations for interphase mass transfer, and may seriously limit the rate at which NAPL may be removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Parameters, Effective Processes: From Porous Flow Physics to In Situ Remediation Technology

Pruess¹

1996

Groundwater and Subsurface Remediation

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“…Also the cost of treating the large quantity of water extracted is prohibitive. For NAPLs having a very low solubility, groundwater extraction would not be an efficient means of removing low NAPL saturations [Hunt et al, 1988a].…”

Section: _ Simulation No 6: Combined Air Injection and Gas Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of trichloroethylene contamination from the subsurface: A comparative evaluation of different remediation strategies by means of numerical simulation

Adenekan¹,

Pruess²,

Falta³

1990

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DISCLAIMERThis document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any G_their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agencj thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. water, many of these organics have large enough aqueous phase solubilities to significantly degrade the quality of groundwater with which they come in contact. In addition, many of these substances exhibit high vapor pressures, causing them to partition strongly into the gas phase in their surroundings. Because of these properties, a volatile organic compound (VOC), once introduced into the subsurface may be transported as a solute, a vapor, or as a constituent in a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). This implies that at some sites, an adequate description of the migration of these contaminants in the subsurface would necessarily involve three phasesmgas, aqueous and NAPL. For example, to design an effective aquifer remediation scheme for a site where NAPL is present, it would be wrong to focus solely on the aqueous phase while ignoring either the gas phase or the NAPL phase.Equations governing multiphase fluid flow with interphase mass transfer in porous media have been presented in the literature, see for example Faust [1985], Abriola and Pinder [1985], Falta [1990]. Owing to the highly non-linear nature of these equations, they are not amenable to solution by analytical means. As a result, significant research effort has been directed toward the development of numerical simulators capable of solving the system of equations and modeling the behavior of NAPL contaminants in the subsurface under natural (ambient) conditions, as well as in response to various clean-up and treatment procedures.The capabilities and limitations of several of the numerical simulators reported in the litera-• ture have been reviewed and summarized by Falta [1990]. The interested reader should consult that reference. In the present work, we use a simulator developed by Falta et al. [1990a], known as "STMVOC," which models true three-phase flow in which NAPL, gas and aqueous phases can move in respon...

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Nonaqueous phase liquid transport and cleanup: 1. Analysis of mechanisms

Cited by 366 publications

References 46 publications

Steam-Enhanced Extraction Experiments, Simulations and Field Studies for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Removal: A Review

Steam-Enhanced Extraction Experiments, Simulations and Field Studies for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Removal: A Review

Effective Parameters, Effective Processes: From Porous Flow Physics to In Situ Remediation Technology

Removal of trichloroethylene contamination from the subsurface: A comparative evaluation of different remediation strategies by means of numerical simulation

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