Nonchemical Methods to Control Scale and Deposit Formation

Elucidation of dual-mode inhibition mechanism of a typical polymer-based antiscalant on Red seawater for thermal desalination at higher temperatures and higher concentration factors

“…Pretreatment/modification of feed water and use of the scale preventing chemicals (antiscalants) are the two most commonly used techniques to counter the scaling in the water industry (Al-Hamzah and Fellows, 2015;Al-Sofi et al, 1998;Ayoub et al, 2014;Chaussemier et al, 2015;Chernozubov et al, 1966;Cho and Kim, 2015;Dunseth et al, 1964;Linnikov et al, 1989;Neville and Morizot, 2000;Sano and Nakashima, 2018;Vidic et al, 2015). Both methods have their pros and cons depending on the various aspects of a particular technology to be used for, and quality of water and application.…”

Global Challenges of Current Building-Integrated Solar Water Heating Technologies and Its Prospects: A Comprehensive Review

“…PWT causes suspended particles of mineral ions to form in bulk water, essentially referred to as bulk precipitation. When settled in the water, the suspended particles are likely to enlarge, resulting in particulate fouling on the surface [150]. Instead of forming a hard and difficult to remove scale (i.e., precipitation fouling), particulate fouling develops a soft and easily removed sludge layer on the heat-transfer surface [151].…”

“…Instead of forming a hard and difficult to remove scale (i.e., precipitation fouling), particulate fouling develops a soft and easily removed sludge layer on the heat-transfer surface [151]. Hence, the mineral buildup issue can be mitigated by simply adding the tiny, suspended particles to the water [150]. Another PWT mechanism is the magnetic water treatment.…”

“…Apart from magnetic treatment, electric fields can also be utilized for treating feedwater. Each of these mechanisms is elaborated in detail by Cho and Kim [150].…”

Physical Water Treatment using Alternating Variable Frequency Electric Field Device for the Mitigation of Limescale in Industrial Production.

“…The physical method of scale inhibition is a green and pollution-free water treatment method [17] , such as solenoid coils [18][19] , catalytic materials [20] , magnetic fields [21] , electric fields [10] , ultrasonic waves and electromagnetic fields [22] . Among them, the electric field scale inhibition method is a new research hotspot, and the scale inhibition effect is more obvious.…”