Nonclassical oxidation of cymenes

Onopchenko, Anatoli; Schulz, Johann G. D.; Seekircher, Richard

doi:10.1039/c29710000939

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In fact, most oxidation systems, except at very low conversions, ought to be treated as co-oxidation systems because of the participation of the products. Deliberate co-oxidation routes have also been attempted for the oxidation of p -xylene to terephthalic acid by using butane, , acetaldehyde, and paraldehyde 8 as co-oxidizing substances. However, the commercial success of such a process also depends on the market for the coproduct.…”

Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Aspects of Industrial Liquid-Phase Air Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

Suresh

Sharma

Sridhar

2000

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

353

240

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Liquid-phase air oxidation of hydrocarbons, notably p-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene/isobutane, cyclohexane, and n-butane, is of great scientific, technological, and commercial importance. This state-of-the-art paper covers the chemistry and engineering science aspects of these reactions. The role of uncatalyzed reactions and metal ion and mixed metal ion catalysts with bromide activation is discussed. An analysis is presented for the role of mass transfer in influencing the rate of reaction and selectivity for the desired product. Different types of reactors that are used, notably bubble-column reactors and mechanically agitated reactors, are analyzed, and a simple basis is provided for selection of reactors. Some emerging oxidation systems, notably oxidation of cycloalkenes (cyclohexene/cyclooctene/cyclododecene) and oxidation of isobutane under supercritical conditions, are presented. New strategies for conducting air oxidations, such as in biphasic systems (including fluorous biphasic systems), biocatalysis, photocatalysis, etc., are emerging and illustrate the considerable tailoring of the reaction microenvironment that is becoming possible. In some cases, it may be possible to manipulate chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivity in these reactions.

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Section: Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Aspects of Industrial Liquid-Phase Air Oxidation of Hydrocarbons

Suresh

Sharma

Sridhar

2000

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

353

240

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“…Isostearic acids are important commercially successful products used in many applications including body washes , coatings , cosmetics , lubricant additives , hydraulic fluids , and emulsifiers . Our group found that zeolites such as Ferrierite can catalyze the skeletal isomerization of ulc‐FAs to give a high selectivity of branched‐chain fatty acids and conversion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved zeolite regeneration processes for preparing saturated branched‐chain fatty acids

Ngo

2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Ferrierite zeolite solid is an excellent catalyst for the skeletal isomerization of unsaturated linear-chain fatty acids (i.e., oleic acid) to unsaturated branched-chain fatty acids (i.e., iso-oleic acid) follow by hydrogenation to give saturated branched-chain fatty acids (i.e., isostearic acid). In order for the isomerization process to be cost effective, the spent zeolite catalyst must be capable of regeneration for subsequent uses. We report a much improved zeolite regeneration protocol. The Ferrierite zeolite is efficiently regenerated by heating at 115°C for 20 h after each use and treatment with an acid solution after every 5th or 6th use. This approach allows the catalyst to be successfully used at least 20 times without significant decrease in conversion and selectivity. The unused and regenerated catalysts have been thoroughly characterized by various analytical techniques. The improved catalyst regeneration protocol should enable cost effective, large scale production of isostearic acid via zeolite-catalyzed skeletal isomerization.Spent H þ -Ferr (SiO 2 /Al 3 O 2 ¼ 17.5 mol/mol) catalyst was regenerated by acid treatment. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2014, 116, 645-652 Zeolite synthesis of saturated branched-chain fatty acids 647

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“…In the present work, we studied the carbonylation of 1-octadecene, a C18 internal olefin mixture, 1-eicosene, and a commercial C20-24 -olefin fraction (Onopchenko and Schulz, 1974). The effect of the reaction conditions on the formation of Ci9 Koch acid yields is shown in Figures 2 and 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%